This study proposes a synergistic strategy involving excess lithium introduction and H3BO3 based surface modification to mitigate cation mixing and residual lithium issues in High-Nickel, Cobalt-free NMX cathode materials. H3BO3 reacts spontaneously ...
This study proposes a synergistic strategy involving excess lithium introduction and H3BO3 based surface modification to mitigate cation mixing and residual lithium issues in High-Nickel, Cobalt-free NMX cathode materials. H3BO3 reacts spontaneously with surface residual lithium to form an ion-conductive Li3BO3 layer. This modification effectively removed up to 70.6% of residual lithium immediately after synthesis and ensured superior air stability even after 14 days of ambient exposure. The 2-LBO sample exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 206.89 mAh/g, representing an increase of approximately 14.4 mAh/g compared to the bare sample. Furthermore, the capacity retention after 100 cycles was significantly enhanced from 91.42% to 97.91%. These improvements are attributed to the Li3BO3 layer, which inhibits the formation of the electrochemically inactive rock-salt phase during high-voltage phase transitions and accelerates lithium-ion diffusion. Additionally, and accelerates lithium-ion diffusion. Additionally, Material Life Cycle Assessment (MLCA) revealed that the increase in environmental burden due to the coating process was negligible relative to the substantial performance gains. The proposed strategy demonstrates high feasibility as a sustainable process that enhances resource efficiency and reduces waste by extending battery lifespan from a long-term perspective.