A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences and Meanings Involved in Obtaining Korean Sign Language Teacher Certification The purpose of this study is to explore the subjective experiences and perceptions of individuals who obtained the Korean Sign La...
A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences and Meanings Involved in Obtaining Korean Sign Language Teacher Certification The purpose of this study is to explore the subjective experiences and perceptions of individuals who obtained the Korean Sign Language(KSL) Teacher Qualification by completing training programs and passing the national certification exam. Using a phenomenological approach within the qualitative research framework, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with five participants holding the KSL teacher qualification. The study sought to gain a holistic understanding of their experiences related to qualification acquisition and analyzed the interview data through thematic analysis. As a result, 70 meaning units, 17 sub-themes, and six major themes were derived. First, regarding the participants’ motivations for obtaining the qualification, 13 meaning units and four sub-themes were identified under the major theme “The moment of determination to challenge.” Participants were motivated by various factors, including the increased social awareness following the enactment of the Korean Sign Language Act, the growing importance of sign language education, personal development goals, encouragement from others, and preparation for possible future opportunities. Second, 20 meaning units and five sub-themes related to their training experiences were classified under two major themes: “Beyond simple gestures, growth as a language” and “The nominal KSL teacher training program.” While participants reported gaining linguistic insights into the structural features of KSL and improving their teaching competence, they expressed disappointment that the training focused largely on general sign language learning rather than teacher preparation. They also noted the lack of connection between the training content and practical teaching or the qualification exam. Third, concerning the difficulties encountered during the qualification exam and application process, 18 meaning units and three sub-themes were captured in the theme “The hard-earned result after struggle.” Participants experienced various challenges, including the absence of an institutional system for practicum placement, inadequate instructional materials, administrative disorganization, ambiguous criteria for career recognition, and high exam difficulty. Four out of five participants passed the exam on their second attempt and noted that the exam was more difficult than the Korean Sign Language interpreter certification. Fourth, 19 meaning units and five sub-themes explored the meanings and impacts of qualification acquisition, which produced two major themes: “A process of growth that brings vitality” and “Suggestions for advancement.” All participants reported feelings of self-efficacy and confidence gained through obtaining the qualification, acknowledging improvements in both their teaching competence and professional responsibility. However, they also recognized the limited practical value of the qualification, as most institutions did not require or even recognize it when hiring sign language instructors. Participants emphasized the need to redefine the KSL teacher qualification system with a linguistic rather than cultural orientation, and to establish eligibility criteria that ensure a minimum level of sign language proficiency among applicants. Based on these findings, several implications and recommendations are proposed. First, to enhance the effectiveness of the qualification as a professional credential beyond personal satisfaction or skill assessment, a more systematic administrative framework and a standardized KSL proficiency evaluation should be introduced. Second, disparities among the eight KSL teacher training institutions—excluding universities—should be addressed by developing standardized curricula and materials to ensure equal educational quality across regions. Third, the uncertainty surrounding career recognition procedures must be resolved through clearer guidelines and stronger inter-institutional collaboration to enhance procedural reliability. Fourth, efforts are needed to increase public awareness and practical utilization of the qualification through institutional promotion and integration of KSL education into formal school curricula. Furthermore, to secure linguistic competence among educators, eligibility for the qualification exam could be prioritised for certified interpreters or those who demonstrate sufficient proficiency in KSL. Although this study is limited by its small sample size of five participants and its focus only on those who completed training and exam-based certification, it represents the first empirical phenomenological investigation of the Korean Sign Language Teacher Qualification system. By deeply exploring participants’ motivations, educational and exam-related experiences, and perceptions of institutional limitations, this study provides foundational insights and practical implications for future policy development and research on KSL teacher education.