The purpose of this study is to identify the integrated parenting competencies that parents should have, develop parental education programs to enhance parenting competencies, and verify the effectiveness of the programs, focusing on "Bible Parenting"...
The purpose of this study is to identify the integrated parenting competencies that parents should have, develop parental education programs to enhance parenting competencies, and verify the effectiveness of the programs, focusing on "Bible Parenting" for elementary school parents to raise their children as right believers in Christian families.
In this study, the following research hypothesis was established.
Hypothesis 1) The biblical parenting competency program significantly improves the level of Christian parenting of school-age Christian parents.
Hypothesis 2) Biblical Parenting Competency Parenting Program significantly improves the parenting competency of school-age Christian parents.
As a procedure for this, information on the characteristics of biblical parenting and parental parenting competency was collected through literature review, and based on this, a biblical parenting competency program for school-age parents was developed.
The finally developed biblical parenting competency program for school-age parents consists of a process that helps Christian parents practice faith and parental competence for school-age children in an integrated manner based on two pillars: "Christian faith" and "custodial competence."
The subjects of this program are Christian parents with children in the 1st to 6th grades of elementary school. During the program period, a total of 12 sessions, 90 minutes per session, were provided to parents of school-age children.
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this program, only the parenting competency scale was used among the parenting competency scale of Young-hee Jang (2018), which modified the Christian child rearing scale developed by Sook-mi Lee (2008) and the Parenting Competency scale of mothers with school-aged children developed by Jeong-suk Jeong et al. (2016), which was shortened by Jeong-suk Jeong et al. (4). The data collected in this study were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics Version 25 program in the following procedure. First, the chi-square test (X²-test) and Fisher's exact test were conducted to verify the difference in demographic characteristics between the experimental group and the control group. Second, the reliability of each scale used in this study was verified by calculating Cronbach's α coefficient. Third, the pre-homogeneity test between groups was performed by Mann-Whitney U test, a nonparametric verification method. Fourth, covariate analysis (ANCOVA), in which the pre-scores were controlled as covariates, was used to verify the difference in the post-score of the parenting competency and its sub-factors between the experimental group and the control group. Fifth, covariate analysis (ANCOVA) was conducted in which prior scores were controlled as covariates to verify the difference in the level of Christian upbringing between the two groups.
The results of this study are as follows.
First, the average score of the experimental group that controlled Christian parenting and its sub-factors, Christian conversation and discipline, Christian worldview, Christian human and Christian character, and Christian faith training, was all higher than that of the control group, as a result of applying the biblical parenting competency program to parents with elementary school children. Second, understanding parenting competency and sub-factors such as understanding parent-child relationships, setting goals for child life and parenting directions, and finding a healthy parent's perspective. Understanding child development characteristics and needs, having child efficacy and satisfaction, responsive and empathetic parenting, communication skills development, trust and waiting, development learning support environment, and patience were all higher than the control group's average score, indicating that the experimental group's average score was higher than that of the control group. Third, qualitative analysis confirmed that the biblical parenting competency program conducted in this study led to an overall change from establishing parents' religious identity, changing their perception of their children to a biblical view of children, improving parent-child relationships, and realizing faith practices.
The significance of this study is as follows. First, this study is meaningful in that it has developed a biblical parenting competency program that helps school-age Christian parents to practice 'Christian faith' and 'custodial competency' in an integrated manner.
Second, this study is significant in that it conducted a biblical parenting competency program for school-age Christian parents and proved its effectiveness through quantitative analysis through scales corresponding to related variables (Christian parenting scale, parenting competency scale).
Third, it is significant that qualitative analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of the Bible parenting competency program in this study, which led to overall changes from establishing parents' faith identity, changing their perception of their children to a biblical view of children, improving parent-child relationships, and embodying faith practices.
In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the biblical parenting competency program developed by this researcher statistically significantly improved the Christian parenting and nurturing capabilities of school-age Christian parents. Therefore, the biblical parenting competency program suggests that Christian parental education should move toward an educational model that helps faith values and practical practices to be organically linked from an integrated perspective so that faith and parenting are not separated.