As scaling of conventional semiconductor processes becomes insufficient to meet the required bandwidth and power efficiency of next-generation high-performance systems, 2.5D/3D packaging and heterogeneous integration have emerged as essential technolo...
As scaling of conventional semiconductor processes becomes insufficient to meet the required bandwidth and power efficiency of next-generation high-performance systems, 2.5D/3D packaging and heterogeneous integration have emerged as essential technologies. In such architectures, short-distance and high-density interconnection among logic, memory, RF, and power devices requires an interposer structure that provides both high-density vertical interconnects and excellent signal and power distribution characteristics. Glass-based TGV (Through-Glass-Via) interposers, offering low dielectric constant, high electrical insulation, superior planarity, and high mechanical rigidity, have attracted attention as a promising alternative to silicon interposers. However, because glass is inherently insulating, simply forming through-holes does not ensure electrical connection between the top/bottom surfaces or redistribution layers. To utilize TGV as electrical and thermal pathways, their open-ended via must be completely filled with low-resistivity Cu without voids, which requires precise control of the metallization process.
In this study, electroless and electroplating processes were sequentially applied to impart electrical conductivity to glass substrates and enable the formation of conductive paths. Prior to electroless plating, surface treatments—including nitric acid pre-treatment and silanization—were performed to improve adhesion between the substrate, catalytic layer, and seed layer. Adhesion enhancement was verified through tape tests. After forming the electroless Ni–P seed layer, Cu electroplating was conducted using two electrolyte systems: an NTBC-only additive system and a ternary NTBC–SPS–PEG additive system. Electroplating was performed at various current densities to fill high-aspect-ratio TGV, allowing assessment of via filling quality and plating rate. The results demonstrate the feasibility of high-speed Cu filling of TGV structures, providing insights into process optimization for reliable metallization of glass interposers.