FUNCTIONALIZED TRANSITION MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS DETECTION : FUNCTIONALIZED TRANSITION MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS DETECTION = FUNCTIONALIZED TRANSITION MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS DETECTION

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Functionalized transition-metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as powerful platforms for electrochemical neurotransmitter sensing due to their high catalytic activity, tunable surface chemistry, and excellent conductivity. This thesis provides a clear overview of recent progress in designing these materials, explains the electrochemical principles that shape their sensing performance, and reflects on the challenges and future directions needed to move them closer to real clinical and diagnostic use. Chapter 1 presents an introduction to functionalized transition-metal- derived nanomaterials, including their definitions, classifications, general concepts, and their applications in the electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters. Chapter 2 details the development of amine-functionalized gold nanoparticles supported on iron–cobalt nanosheets for the sensing of normetanephrine in human serum and plasma, demonstrating excellent stability and sensitivity. Chapter 3 describes the fabrication of a bimetallic MOF modified carbon cloth electrode for electrochemical detection of 5-HT, achieving a nanomolar-level detection limit. Chapter 4 outlines the synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of MXene-supported copper–tin hydroxide, which shows enhanced electrochemical activity for epinephrine sensing. Chapter 5 reports the use of FeSACs supported on rGO/NiCoLDH for dopamine detection, where the rGO/NiCoLDH framework provides abundant active sites for effective FeSACs intercalation. The findings offer a clear path toward improving electrochemical sensors for real biomedical use.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
• 1.1. Nanomaterials 2
• 1.2. Types of nanomaterials 2
• 1.3. Functionalization of nanomaterials 6
• 1.4. Electrochemical bio sensing 7
• 1.5. Neurotransmitter detection 9
• 1.6. Motivation of research 10
• 1.7. Focus on current research 11
• 1.8. References 14
• CHAPTER 2 Electrochemical detection of normetanephrine using amine- modified gold nanoparticle-integrated nanosheet platforms 16
• 2.1. Introduction 17
• 2.2. Materials and methods. 19
• 2.2.1. Chemicals 19
• 2.2.2. Instrumentation 19
• 2.2.3. Synthesis of Gln-AuNPs 20
• 2.2.4. Synthesis of FeCo nanosheets and Gln-AuNPs/FeCoNS 21
• 2.2.5. Electrochemical methods 22
• 2.3. Results and Discussion 22
• 2.3.1. Morphological characterization 24
• 2.3.2. Analytical Characterization 27
• 2.3.3. Electrochemical Analysis 31
• 2.4. Summary 42
• 2.5. References 44
• CHAPTER 3 Electrochemical determination of serotonin in serum employing a ZnCu bimetallic metal–organic framework on carbon cloth electrodes 49
• 3.1. Introduction 50
• 3.2. Materials and methods 54
• 3.2.1. Chemicals 54
• 3.2.2. Instrumentation 54
• 3.2.3. Synthesis procedure 55
• 3.2.4. Fabrication of the Working Electrode 56
• 3.2.5. Electrochemical Analysis 56
• 3.3. Results and Discussion 57
• 3.3.1. Synthesis mechanism ZnCuMOF 57
• 3.3.2. Morphological Characterization 58
• 3.3.3. Analytical characterization 60
• 3.3.4. Electrochemical Characterization 70
• 3.3.5. Electrochemical Response toward Serotonin 71
• 3.4. Summary 76
• 3.5. References 77
• CHAPTER 4 MXene Supported Cu–Sn hydroxide hybrid for electrochemical determination of epinephrine 83
• 4.1. Introduction 84
• 4.2. Materials and techniques 86
• 4.2.1. Materials 86
• 4.2.2. Synthesis procedure 87
• 4.2.3. Characterization techniques 88
• 4.2.4. Electrochemical techniques 89
• 4.3. Results and discussion 89
• 4.3.1. Morphological analysis 90
• 4.3.2. Analytical characterization 92
• 4.3.3. Electrochemical analysis of CuSnOH@Mx 101
• 4.3.4. Electrochemical activity of CuSnOH@Mx towards EN 106
• 4.4. Summary 111
• 4.5. References 112
• CHAPTER 5 Electrochemical detection of dopamine using interface engineered FeSACs on rGO/NiCoLDH. 115
• 5.1. Introduction 116
• 5.2. Materials and methods 119
• 5.2.1. Chemicals and reagents 119
• 5.2.2. Synthesis procedure 119
• 5.2.3. Characterization techniques 121
• 5.3. Results and discussion 121
• 5.3.1. Morphological characterization 121
• 5.3.2. Analytical characterization 128
• 5.3.3. Electrochemical analysis of Fe/C/LDH 139
• 5.3.4. Electrochemical behavior of Fe/C/LDH towards DA detection 144
• 5.4. Summary 150
• 5.5. References 152
• CHAPTER 6 Conclusions 156
• 6.1. Conclusion 157
• 6.2. Future perspectives 158
• Appendix. 160