This study aims to model regional segmentation and entry strategies for K-beauty brands in the Japanese market within the context of cross-border e-commerce, treating Japan not as a single homogeneous market but as a set of heterogeneous regional sub-...
This study aims to model regional segmentation and entry strategies for K-beauty brands in the Japanese market within the context of cross-border e-commerce, treating Japan not as a single homogeneous market but as a set of heterogeneous regional sub-markets. Drawing on prior research that shows Korean cultural content and country image significantly influence cross-border online purchase intentions for Korean cosmetics, this study examines how income level, demographic structure, interest in K-beauty and the Korean Wave, and price level jointly shape prefecture-level K-beauty performance in Japan.
For empirical analysis, approximately 570,000 cross-border e-commerce order logs for Korean cosmetics generated during July 2025 were collected from a major platform and aggregated to 47 Japanese prefectures using shipping postal codes. These sales indicators (per-capita sales volume, average order value, etc.) were merged with regional income and demographic statistics from ESRI and e-Stat, as well as prefecture-level K-beauty and K-culture interest indices derived from Google Trends. The integrated dataset was then analyzed using (1) independent samples t-tests (Study 1) to compare per-capita K-beauty sales across high/low groups of income, K-beauty interest, K-culture interest, youth population ratio, and average purchase price, and (2) two-way ANOVA (Study 2) to test interaction effects between income level and interest indices (K-culture and K-beauty).
The results show, first, that average income level, K-beauty interest, K-culture interest, and youth population ratio are all positively and significantly associated with per-capita K-beauty sales, indicating that regional differences in income, demographic structure, and digital interest in Korean culture and K-beauty are key drivers of demand disparities within Japan. In contrast, average purchase price does not exert a statistically significant effect, suggesting that K-beauty demand in Japan is driven less by low-price positioning and more by product innovativeness, cultural image, and overall brand value. Second, the two-way ANOVA reveals a significant interaction between income level and K-culture interest, whereas the interaction between income level and K-beauty interest is not significant. This implies that general cultural engagement with the Korean Wave amplifies the income effect on K-beauty consumption, while search interest in K-beauty alone does not further moderate the income–performance relationship.
These findings offer several theoretical and managerial implications. Theoretically, the study extends micro-level, survey-based research on the Korean Wave and K-beauty by proposing a meso-level regional model that links actual online sales data with structural regional variables, thus connecting the “Hallyu–country image–product attitude–purchase behavior” pathway to income and demographic contexts. Methodologically, it demonstrates how Google Trends-based interest indices can serve as leading indicators of regional demand when combined with transaction-level data in cross-border e-commerce. Managerially, the results suggest that K-beauty brands should prioritize high-income, youth-dense prefectures with strong K-culture interest as strategic entry hubs and deploy Hallyu-linked branding and promotions there, while designing value-for-money and accessibility-focused portfolios for mid-income or peripheral regions rather than relying solely on low-price competition. The analytical framework proposed in this study can be applied to other countries and categories, providing a data-driven basis for regional segmentation and entry strategies in cross-border e-commerce.