Small businesses constitute 86.5% of all enterprises, forming the structural foundation of the national economy; however, they face a severe crisis, with one million closures recorded in 2024. In response, the government has continuously expanded cons...
Small businesses constitute 86.5% of all enterprises, forming the structural foundation of the national economy; however, they face a severe crisis, with one million closures recorded in 2024. In response, the government has continuously expanded consulting support for small businesses, yet quantitative growth has failed to translate into qualitative satisfaction, raising persistent concerns about performance disparities. This study focuses on the phenomenon whereby government consulting support has expanded quantitatively while satisfaction levels exhibit extreme variation. To identify the causes of such performance disparities, this research approaches consulting not as a unilateral service delivery by consultants but as a value co-creation process through bilateral interaction, empirically examining how consultant characteristics and small business owner characteristics interact to determine outcomes.
To investigate these disparities, this study approaches small business consulting as a value co-creation process between small business owners and consultants, grounded in Service-Dominant Logic (Vargo & Lusch, 2004). An integrated model was constructed with service quality dimensions (reliability, assurance, empathy, responsiveness, and tangibles) as independent variables, consulting satisfaction as a mediating variable, and continuance intention as the dependent variable. Consultant competency (ability, knowledge, and attitude) and small business owner engagement (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) were incorporated as moderating variables, systematically testing 30 moderating effect combinations. A survey was administered to 172 small business owners who had experienced consulting services within the past two years.
The results revealed that all five service quality dimensions significantly influenced satisfaction, with reliability (β = .393) and responsiveness (β = .392) demonstrating higher effects than assurance (β = .296). Among the 30 moderating effects analyzed, 10 significant interactions were identified. Notably, assurance (professional credentials) exhibited no moderating effects whatsoever, whereas reliability (4 effects) and attitude (2 effects) showed significant moderating effects. These findings confirm that assurance functions merely as a hygiene factor that verifies minimum qualifications, while reliability and attitude serve as motivating factors that enhance satisfaction. Furthermore, cognitive and behavioral engagement demonstrated significant moderating effects, whereas affective engagement showed no moderating effects, indicating that small business owners perceive consulting as a practical investment rather than emotional consumption. Additionally, satisfaction and continuance intention were substantially higher among those who had used consulting services two to three times compared to first-time users, suggesting that satisfaction in the initial consulting experience serves as the starting point for a virtuous cycle leading to reuse and increased engagement.
This study constructed an integrated model incorporating consultant competency and small business owner engagement as moderating variables within the SERVQUAL framework, empirically supporting the value co-creation perspective through interaction in the small business consulting context. From a practical standpoint, this research proposes a customer satisfaction-centered consultant evaluation system, presents service behavior guidelines for consultants in the field, and offers tailored strategies by type for highly engaged small business owners.