In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed rapid advancements in chassis control technologies aimed at simultaneously improving driving performance and vehicle stability. To ensure stable vehicle behavior under complex driving conditions, ...
In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed rapid advancements in chassis control technologies aimed at simultaneously improving driving performance and vehicle stability. To ensure stable vehicle behavior under complex driving conditions, integrated chassis control has become essential. In particular, coordinated control of multiple actuators—such as steering, braking, and driving—plays a critical role in maintaining vehicle-level stability under extreme driving scenarios, including low-friction road surfaces and aggressive steering maneuvers.
However, most existing studies on multi-actuator coordinated control are based on linearized tire models, which fail to adequately capture the nonlinear behavior of tires. In addition, vehicle models often neglect the delay characteristics of tire force generation, resulting in discrepancies between the desired tire forces generated by the controller and the actual tire force responses. Furthermore, the lack of consideration of tire grip margin leads to inefficient utilization of available tire forces near the friction limits, thereby reducing control authority under critical conditions.
To address these limitations, this study proposes an MPC-NLT (Model Predictive Control with Nonlinear Tire Model)-based four-wheel independent steering and driving/braking control algorithm. The proposed control strategy generates the required tire forces through predictive control that accounts for tire force delay and grip margin, and subsequently converts them into actuator inputs using an inverse tire model based on the Brush Tire Model. This approach improves tire force utilization efficiency while preventing excessive force demands near the friction limits. A double-track vehicle model is employed to predict lateral vehicle dynamics, with tire force delay incorporated as a state variable, and the tire friction circle formulated as a nonlinear constraint. Moreover, the tire grip margin is introduced as a variable weighting factor in the control inputs, enabling proportional control action based on the available grip margin and thereby enhancing the efficient use of tire forces.
In addition, the application of a Brush Tire Model-based inverse tire model ensures accurate conversion of target tire forces into actuator inputs even in the nonlinear tire operating region, improving control accuracy at the actuator level.
A model-in-the-loop simulation (MiLS) was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink and CarMaker to validate the proposed MPC-NLT-based four-wheel independent steering and braking control algorithm. Lateral tracking performance, stability, and tire force utilization efficiency are evaluated under Sine with Dwell and Sine with Deceleration scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves tire force tracking accuracy and tire force distribution efficiency compared to conventional approaches, while maintaining stable vehicle behavior under various driving conditions.