Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling. Current therapies, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroid...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling. Current therapies, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and hyaluronic acid injections, provide only symptomatic relief and fail to modify disease progression. Recent studies implicate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and oxidative stress in OA pathogenesis, driving inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Broussochalcone A (BCA)—a prenylated chalcone isolated from Broussonetia papyrifera—as a regulator of the XO–ROS–β-catenin axis. BCA suppressed xanthine oxidase (XO)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) under Wnt3a stimulation and promoted β-catenin degradation in synovial fibroblast-like (MH7A) and chondrocyte-like (SW1353) cells, thereby reducing expression of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and fibrotic markers. In monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rat models, BCA attenuated joint swelling, bone erosion, and cartilage degradation, restored ECM protein expression, and suppressed inflammatory gene transcription in synovial tissue. These findings demonstrate that BCA mitigates OA progression by targeting the XO–ROS–β-catenin signaling axis, suggesting its potential as a novel disease-modifying and chondroprotective therapeutic agent for OA.