역사도시경관 접근법에 기반한 건축유산 활용방안 및 설계연구 : 인천 리키타케 연탄공장을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

오늘날 도시의 급격한 변화 속에서 건축유산은 단순한 보존의 대상이 아니라, 지역의 역사성과 정체성을 담아내는 핵심 자산으로 인식되고 있다. 특히 문화재로 지정되지 않은 근현대 건축유산의 경우, 제도적 보호의 한계로 인해 방치되거나 훼손되는 사례가 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며, 이에 대한 새로운 보존 및 활용 접근이 요구되고 있다. 이러한 배경 속에서 유네스코(UNESCO)가 제시한 역사도시경관(Historic Urban Landscape, HUL) 접근법은 개별 건축물 중심의 물리적 보존을 넘어, 도시의 역사적 맥락, 경관, 사회문화적 가치와 공동체를 통합적으로 고려하는 대안적 패러다임으로 주목받고 있다.
본 연구는 역사도시경관 접근법을 건축계획적 관점에서 재해석하여, 건축유산의 보존과 활용을 아우르는 실천적 계획 방법을 도출하고 이를 설계로 구체화하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 국내외 건축유산 보존 및 활용에 관한 선행연구를 고찰하여 기존 접근 방식의 한계를 분석하고, HUL 개념이 지니는 이론적 의의와 보존 요소를 정리하였다. 이후 HUL 개념을 건축계획에 적용하기 위한 분석틀을 도시경관 및 건축외관, 공간구성, 프로그램 운영 및 관리, 공공성과 커뮤니티 연계의 네 가지 범주로 구성하였다.
이 분석틀을 바탕으로 2011년 이후 준공된 해외 건축유산 재활용 사례 다섯 곳을 선정하여 비교·분석하였으며, 이를 통해 HUL에 기반한 건축유산 재활용의 주요 특성과 계획 방법을 도출하였다. 나아가 연구 대상지로 인천광역시 중구 신흥동에 위치한 리키타케 연탄공장을 선정하여, 해당 건축유산이 지닌 역사적·도시적·사회적 가치를 분석하고 보존 요소를 설정하였다. 이를 토대로 역사도시경관 접근법의 특성을 반영한 활용 방안과 건축계획안을 제안함으로써, 개별 건축유산 차원에서 HUL 개념이 어떻게 실질적으로 적용될 수 있는지를 설계적으로 제시하였다.
본 연구는 역사도시경관 접근법을 도시계획적 논의에 머무르지 않고 건축계획 및 설계 수준으로 확장하였다는 점에서 의의를 지니며, 향후 제도적 보호를 받지 못한 건축유산의 지속가능한 보존과 지역문화 활성화를 위한 하나의 실천적 전략으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the context of rapidly transforming contemporary cities, architectural heritage is no longer understood as a passive object of preservation but as a core cultural asset that embodies a community’s historical continuity and local identity. This shift is particularly urgent for modern and contemporary architectural heritage that has not been formally designated as cultural property. In many cases, such heritage remains outside effective institutional protection, which leaves it vulnerable to neglect, insensitive renovation, partial demolition, or complete loss. As these unprotected resources disappear, cities forfeit not only individual buildings but also the layered narratives, memories, and place-based meanings that constitute a shared cultural landscape. For this reason, an expanded approach is required—one that goes beyond object-based conservation and addresses how heritage can be sustained, interpreted, and meaningfully integrated into everyday urban life.
Against this backdrop, UNESCO’s Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach has emerged as a compelling alternative paradigm. The HUL approach moves beyond the physical preservation of individual monuments or sites and instead emphasizes the broader historical context in which heritage exists: the urban fabric, landscape, visual experience, socio-cultural values, and community life that collectively shape the historic character of a place. Rather than treating heritage as a fixed artifact to be protected through static rules, HUL frames conservation as a dynamic process of managing change. It highlights the interdependence of tangible and intangible values and calls for an integrated strategy that can reconcile development pressures with the continuity of identity and memory.
This study aims to reinterpret the HUL approach from the standpoint of architectural planning and to develop a practical planning method that encompasses both conservation and adaptive utilization of architectural heritage, ultimately translating the method into a design proposal. The research proceeds in three stages. First, it reviews prior studies and practices on the conservation and reuse of architectural heritage in Korea and internationally, with the purpose of identifying limitations in prevailing approaches. Particular attention is given to the ways in which existing reuse projects often concentrate on physical retention and aesthetic restoration while insufficiently addressing wider urban relationships, long-term program sustainability, operational governance, or the lived experience of users and local communities. Second, the study clarifies the theoretical significance of the HUL concept and distills the principal conservation elements that can be translated into architectural planning terms. Third, on the basis of these findings, it constructs an analytical framework that operationalizes HUL as a planning tool for adaptive reuse projects.
To apply HUL at the architectural planning and design scale, the study organizes the analytical framework into four categories. The first category, urban landscape and architectural exterior, examines how heritage participates in the surrounding urban structure—such as street networks, open-space systems, and visual corridors—while also considering how exterior form, façade composition, and materiality can communicate historic identity within contemporary urban conditions. The second category, spatial organization, focuses on interior and sectional composition, circulation systems, and the relationship between preserved and newly introduced spaces, emphasizing spatial legibility and experiential continuity. The third category, program operation and management, treats governance and operation as integral to conservation, addressing management structures, maintenance capacity, and realistic strategies for long-term viability. The fourth category, publicness and community linkage, evaluates how heritage can function as a civic resource by enabling accessibility, fostering community participation, and strengthening connections to local cultural life.
Based on this framework, the study selects and comparatively analyzes five international adaptive reuse projects completed after 2011. The comparative analysis identifies recurring HUL-aligned characteristics and derives planning implications that can be transferred to other contexts. Across the cases, effective reuse tends to strengthen connectivity to surrounding public spaces and pedestrian networks, negotiate contextual harmony through calibrated massing and material strategies, and restructure internal spaces to accommodate new uses while preserving the perceptibility of historic fabric. Importantly, the cases also demonstrate that successful adaptive reuse depends not only on design excellence but on the coherence between spatial planning and operational governance: long-term programming, clear responsibility for management, and sustainable operational models significantly influence whether heritage remains active and meaningful over time.

Building on the case-based findings, the study applies the proposed HUL-based planning method to a site-specific design investigation. The research target is the former Likitake briquette factory located in Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon. As a modern industrial heritage resource, the site is examined not merely as a physical remnant but as a place embedded within a wider historic urban landscape. The study analyzes the factory’s historical significance, its relationship to surrounding urban patterns, and its socio-cultural meanings for the community. This multi-dimensional value assessment is used to identify key conservation elements—clarifying what should be preserved, what may be transformed, and what kinds of interventions can be introduced without undermining the site’s historic character. In this process, the study emphasizes that conservation priorities must be established through an integrated reading of urban context, landscape perception, architectural identity, and community narratives, rather than through a narrow evaluation of physical condition alone.
On the basis of the defined conservation elements, the study proposes an adaptive utilization strategy and an architectural planning and design scheme that reflect the distinctive features of the HUL approach. The proposal positions the heritage asset as an active mediator between past and present, allowing historic value to be experienced through daily movement, spatial sequences, and public use rather than confined to symbolic display. Planning decisions are guided by the goal of reinforcing the site’s relationship to the surrounding urban fabric—enhancing connections to adjacent streets and open spaces, creating interfaces that support pedestrian accessibility, and organizing view corridors and landscape experiences that allow historic elements to remain legible within contemporary additions. At the building scale, spatial organization is designed to maintain the perceptibility of the industrial heritage while accommodating new programs that can support sustained activation. The design approach thereby treats the historic fabric not as an obstacle to contemporary use but as a generative structure capable of supporting new public and cultural functions.
At the same time, the study integrates considerations of operation and management into the planning logic. Recognizing that adaptive reuse can fail when operational realities are treated as secondary, the proposal addresses program selection and management structure as core planning variables. It emphasizes long-term feasibility, maintenance capacity, and the balance between publicness and operational sustainability. In this respect, the design proposal aims to demonstrate how architectural planning can incorporate the governance dimensions of HUL—linking spatial strategies to realistic modes of operation so that heritage value is not only preserved at the moment of completion but sustained through ongoing use.
Through this design application, the study illustrates how the HUL approach—often discussed primarily within urban policy and planning discourse—can be extended and concretized at the level of architectural planning and design. The research contribution lies in translating HUL’s integrated perspective into a practical analytical framework, deriving planning implications through comparative case analysis, and demonstrating site-specific applicability through a design proposal for an under-protected modern heritage resource. In doing so, the study bridges a common gap between conceptual heritage frameworks and the operational demands of architectural practice.
In conclusion, this thesis argues that a HUL-based architectural planning methodology can provide an effective and sustainable strategy for the conservation and adaptive utilization of modern and contemporary architectural heritage that lacks formal institutional designation. By integrating urban context, landscape and visual experience, spatial organization, program operation, and community linkage, the proposed approach enables heritage to function as an everyday civic asset rather than a static monument. The study anticipates that this framework can serve as a practical reference for future heritage reuse projects and contribute to regional cultural revitalization by supporting the continuity of place identity amid ongoing urban transformation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록 i
• 목 차 iii
• 표 목 차 v
• 그림목차 vi
• 제 1장 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구 배경 및 목적 1
• 1.2. 연구 대상 및 방법 2
• 제 2장 선행연구 고찰 5
• 2.1. 건축유산에 대한 개념 및 이해 5
• 2.2. 건축유산 보존과 활용의 한계 6
• 2.3. 역사도시경관 개념 및 보존요소 7
• 2.4. 건축계획적 방법론으로서 역사도시경관 접근법 9
• 제 3장 건축유산 재활용 사례 분석 12
• 3.1. 사례 선정과 개요 12
• 3.2. 자이츠 아프리카 현대미술관(Zeitz MOCAA) 14
• 3.3. 엘브필하모니(Elbphilharmonine) 18
• 3.4. 구 우체국 도서관(I.E Old Post Office Library) 21
• 3.5. 도미노 설탕 정제소(Domino Sugar Refinery) 24
• 3.6. 퀸 리치몬드 센터 웨스트(Queen Richmond Centre West) 27
• 제 4장 HUL에 기반한 건축유산 재활용 계획 방법 도출 30
• 4.1. 도시경관과 건축외관의 재활용 계획방법 30
• 4.2. 공간구성 재활용 계획방법 31
• 4.3. 프로그램 관리 및 운영 재활용 계획방법 32
• 4.4. 공공성과 커뮤니티 연계 계획방법 33
• 4.5. 소결 34
• 제 5장 리키타케 연탄공장 활용방안 및 계획안 34
• 5.1. 대상지 분석 35
• 5.1.1. 인천 중구 신흥동 35
• 5.1.2. 연탄공장 설립 배경 37
• 5.1.3. 연탄공장 일대 분석 38
• 5.1.3.1 도시적 분석 38
• 5.1.3.2 건축적 분석 41
• 5.1.3.3 사회적 분석 44
• 5.1.4. 활용가치 탐구 46
• 5.1.5. 보존 방식 및 범위 설정 47
• 5.1.6. 활용방안 설정 49
• 5.2. 설계목표와 전략 50
• 5.2.1. 설계 목표 50
• 5.2.2. 설계 전략 50
• 5.3. 기본계획 52
• 5.3.1. 공공청사 배치 계획 52
• 5.3.2. 배치 계획 55
• 5.3.3. 매스 계획 59
• 5.4. 건축계획 61
• 5.4.1. 배치 및 평면도 61
• 5.4.2. 단면도 72
• 5.4.3. 입면도 74
• 5.4.4. 투시도 78
• 제 6장 결론 81
• 6.1. 연구의 결론 81
• 참고문헌 83
• Abstract 87