Relocation as an Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change in Malawi : Opportunities, Challenges, and Threats = 말라위의 기후 변화에 대한 적응 전략으로서의 이주: 기회, 도전, 위협

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study assessed the efficacy of relocation as a climate change adaptation strategy in flood-prone areas of Nsanje and Chikwawa districts in southern Malawi. The main focus was on moving people from low-lying neighborhoods to higher, safer places, either on their own or with the help of the government. It looked at the things that affect people's decisions to move, weighed the pros and cons of moving, and looked at the biggest dangers. A descriptive study strategy was utilized, incorporating both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. We used semi-structured surveys to collect data, and we used Microsoft Excel and Python programming to analyze it. We used descriptive statistics like cross-tabulations, bar graphs, and pie charts to show the results. The results showed that all of the people who took part were affected by climate-related occurrences, with floods being the most common (90%) and causing people to move. The choice to move was heavily motivated by the fact that flooding catastrophes were more severe, forcing people to lose their homes, property, and jobs, which meant they had to rely on help from the government or NGOs. Relocation as a strategy creates apparent potential by lowering the risk of flooding and making it easier to get to social services or amenities like healthcare and education. However, there are several problems and threats that make it quite likely that relocation will not work in the long run. Most of the people who moved (65%) said that the new places are not good enough for other livelihoods. They said that poor soil fertility and lack of water are bigger problems. Again, most of the people who took part (55%) said that the infrastructure wasn't good enough, and almost half (47%) said that the demands of the community weren't met well enough during the process. The study found that the most common hazards were disputes over resources (63%), donor tiredness (52%), and social isolation (45%). While 48% indicated an enhanced quality of life, the majority continued to identify economic and social disturbances as significant issues. Finally, while moving is the safest option, it doesn't work as well as a long-term adaptation strategy because of bad planning, not enough support for people's livelihoods, and not enough infrastructure development. Relocation is considered a complete adaptation option; it must be supplemented by comprehensive measures addressing land sufficiency, agricultural assistance, and infrastructure inadequacies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• LIST OF FIGURES vi
• LIST OF TABLES vii
• CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
• 1.1 Background 1
• 1.2 Problem Statement 2
• 1.3 Main Objective 6
• 1.3.1 Specific Objectives 6
• 1.4 Research Questions 6
• 1.5 Significance of the Study 7
• CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9
• 2.0 Introduction 9
• 2.1 Key Terms and Definitions: Relocation, Climate Change, and Adaptation 9
• 2.2 Factors influencing relocation decisions 18
• 2.3 Opportunities and Challenges of Relocation 19
• 2.4 Prevailing Threats Associated with the Relocation Strategy 20
• 2.5 Relocation as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy: African
• Experiences/Case Studies 21
• 2.6 Relocation as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy: Asian Experiences/Case
• Studies 24
• CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 31
• 3.0 Introduction 31
• 3.1 Study areas 31
• 3.2 Study approach 37
• 3.3 Study design 37
• 3.4 Participants 38
• 3.5 Sampling method 38
• 3.6 Sample size determination 40
• 3.7 Data collection and tools 41
• 3.8 Validity and reliability 42
• 3.9 Ethical considerations 43
• 3.10 Data analysis 43
• 3.11 Limitations 44
• CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 45
• 4.0 Introduction 45
• 4.1 Demographic Information 46
• 4.2 Aspects of Relocation and Climate Change 47
• 4.3 Factors Influencing Relocation Decisions 53
• 4.4 Opportunities and Challenges of Relocation 55
• 4.5 Threats Associated with Relocation 60
• CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 66
• 5.0 Conclusion 66
• 5.1 Recommendations 67
• APPENDICES 71
• APPENDIX I: Key Informant Interviews (KII)- Questionnaire 71
• APPENDIX II: Sample Size Determination Table 77
• REFERENCES 83
• 국문초록 89
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 92