Life-Cycle and Techno-Economic Assessment of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Technologies in Industrial Processes = 산업공정에서의 탄소포집·활용·저장(CCUS) 기술 의 생애주기 및 기술경제 평가

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One of the biggest challenges associated with making the world climate- neutral is getting rid of carbon in industry. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies have become vital methods for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from sectors that are hard to reduce, like chemicals, steel, and cement. This research performs an extensive Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno- Economic Assessment (TEA) of CCUS technologies in the context of Tunisia's industrial processes, emphasizing the cement sector. By combining Aspen HYSYS process simulation with IPCC GHG inventory methods, the study measures both environmental and economic performance in different policy and energy situations. The LCA results show that amine-based capture systems that work after combustion can cut net CO₂ emissions by about 65–70%, depending on the energy source and how well they work. However, they also need more energy (+25%) and water (+200%). The TEA results show that the costs of capturing CO₂ are between 55 and 85 USD t⁻¹ and the costs of avoiding CO₂ are between 70 and 95 USD t⁻¹. The project is only economically viable when the price of carbon is more than 90 USD t⁻¹ or when some of the money made from using CO₂ is taken into account. A comparative analysis of international cases: China, the United States, Korea, and the United Arab Emirates, shows that CCUS can only be used successfully if there are clear policy frameworks, financial incentives, and strong cooperation between industries. The study finds that CCUS is technically possible and good for the environment in Tunisia's carbon-heavy industries. However, it needs to be combined with renewable hydrogen and circular-economy systems, as well as international funding, to be economically viable. The study presents a unique integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) framework specifically designed for developing economies, providing evidence-based guidance for the formulation of Tunisia’s upcoming National CCUS Roadmap (2026–2040).

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• Table of Contents iii
• List of Tables vi
• Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1 Background and Context 1
• 1.2 Problem Statement 3
• 1.3 Research Objectives. 5
• 1.4 Research Questions 6
• 1.5 Scope and Limitations 6
• Chapter 2. Literature Review 8
• 2.1 Climate Change and Industrial Emissions 8
• 2.2 Overview of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage 9
• 2.2.1 Concept and Process Chain 9
• 2.2.2 Utilization and Storage Routes 10
• 2.2.3 Current Deployment and Trends 11
• 2.3 Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) in CCUS Studies 11
• 2.3.1 Purpose and Framework 11
• 2.3.2 Application to CCUS Systems 12
• 2.3.3 LCA Challenges 12
• 2.4 Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) of CCUS 13
• 2.4.1 Methodology and Indicators 13
• 2.4.2 Global Cost Benchmarks 13
• 2.4.3 Findings from Developing Countries 13
• 2.4.4 Integration with Hydrogen and Circular Economy 14
• 2.5 Global Perspectives on CCUS Deployment 14
• 2.5.1 China: Rapid Expansion and Policy Integration 14
• 2.5.2 United States: Maturity of Regulations and Tax Breaks 15
• 2.5.3 Republic of Korea: Joining the Circular Carbon Economy 16
• 2.5.4 Europen Countries Case 17
• 2.5.5 Indonesia: Emerging Market with EOR Potential 18
• 2.5.6. United Arab Emirates: CCUS and the Circular Carbon Economy 18
• 2.6 Policy, Regulation, and Public Perception 20
• 2.6.1 Policy and Regulatory Drivers 20
• 2.6.2 Public Perception and Social Acceptance 21
• iv
• 2.7 Research Gap and Contribution 21
• Chapter 3. Methodology23
• 3.1 Research Framework 23
• 3.2 Sources and Methods of Data Collection 25
• 3.2.1 Main Data: Results of Process Simulation 25
• 3.2.2 Secondary Data: Literature Benchmarks 25
• 3.2.3 Tunisia-Specific Data 26
• 3.3 Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) Methodology 26
• 3.3.1 Goal and Scope Definition 27
• 3.3.2 System and functional unit limits 28
• 3.3.3 Inventory Analysis 28
• 3.3.4 Impact Assessment and Interpretation 29
• 3.4 Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) Framework 31
• 3.4.1 Cost Parameters (CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE, $/tCO₂) 31
• 3.4.2 Sensitivity Analysis (Carbon Tax, Electricity Prices, EOR Benefits) 33
• 3.5 Integration of LCA and TEA 35
• 3.6 Validation and Assumptions 36
• 3.6.1 Validation Approaches 36
• 3.6.2 Assumptions 36
• Chapter 4. Case Study and Results37
• 4.1 Case Study Selection (Industrial Process Focus – Tunisia) 37
• 4.2 Life-Cycle Assessment Results 40
• 4.2.1 Emission Reduction Potential 40
• 4.2.2 Environmental Impact Categories 41
• 4.3 Techno-Economic Assessment Results 44
• 4.3.1 Capture Costs and Efficiencies 44
• 4.3.2 Storage/Utilization Options 47
• 4.3.3 Sensitivity Analysis Results 48
• Section Summary 49
• 4.4 Comparative Analysis with International Benchmarks 50
• 4.4.1 Korea (Industrial Pilot Projects & Policy Lessons) 50
• 4.4.2 United States (Policy & 45Q Tax Credit) 52
• 4.4.3 China (Poverty Alleviation & CCUS Development) 53
• 4.4.4 European Countries (CCUS Clusters) 54
• 4.4.5 United Arab Emirates (Circular Carbon Economy Model) 59
• 4.5 Discussion of Findings 60
• Chapter 5: Discussion 5.1 Combining the Results of LCA and TEA 63
• 5.2 Policy and Regulatory Consequences for Tunisia 64
• 5.3 Socio-Economic Benefits of Using CCUS 67
• v
• 5.4 Problems and obstacles to putting it into action 69
• 5.5 Suggestions for how to use this in industry 71
• Chapter 6. Conclusion and Recommendations 75
• 6.1 Summary of Important Results 75
• 6.2 Contributions to Knowledge and Practice 76
• 6.3 Suggestions for Policies 77
• 6.4 Limitations of the Study 79
• 6.5 Future Research Directions 79
• Conclusion:80
• Reference82
• 국문 초록 86
• vi