Integrated Assessment of Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Governance Dynamics, and Peace Architecture in Strengthening Resilience among Pastoral Frontier Communities = 목축 프론티어 커뮤니티의 회복탄력성 강화를 위한 생태계 기반 적응, 거버넌스 역학 및 평화 아키텍처의 통합 평가

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The pastoral communities in the dry and semi-arid areas confront increasing climatic risks, environmental erosion, and permanent socioeconomic disadvantages. An increase in temperature, disrupted rainfall, declining rangeland production, and institutional discoordination are all barriers to the process of adaptation in Turkana County. The effectiveness of climate adaptation methods applied by pastoral households in Turkana is explored through convergent parallel mixed-method based on Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and the Social- Ecological Systems framework. The data were gathered through household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions among the youth, men, women, and people with disabilities. Quantitative data were analyzed in a descriptive manner, whereas the qualitative data were thematically interpreted and triangulated with the secondary data content analysis to have higher validity. The results indicate that the level of community involvement in adaptation projects is extensive but is mostly procedural, which restricts the impact of the community on making decisions. The access to the rangelands, water sources, and migratory corridors is controlled by governance organizations including elders, Water Resource Users Associations, and grazing committees. Nevertheless, they are not effective due to resource limitations, elite capture, and lack of connection to county structures. The water-sector adaptation is particularly susceptible to chronic maintenance failures, political issues, and underfunding. Local peace agreements, including the Lokiriama Accord and cross- border practices associated with IGAD, enhance mobility, security, and conflict management but are undermined by lack of proper enforcement, integration into regional and international policy frameworks, and long run support. Ecosystem based adaptation strategies, including rotational grazing, Restoration of rangelands, pasture reseeding, and Prosopis management have shown that they can be very effective in ecological recovery and community support but are suppressed by invasive species, gaps in infrastructure and competing land use. In general, the research suggests that the resilience of Turkana Pastoralists has been the result of the interplay of governmental operations, environmental factors, and pastoral livelihoods patterns. Transformative resilience requires inclusive governance, enhanced institutional co-ordination, long-term climate finance, and connection with the Indigenous knowledge regimes. On-going monitoring is essential in evaluation of ecological impacts, institutional operations and lasting results. The hybrid model SLA-SES can be viewed as a holistic approach to design specific, ecosystem-related, and socially inclusive resilience solutions in arid pastoral areas.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• Table of Contents iv
• List of Tables vi
• List of Figures vii
• List of acronyms viii
• Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1.Background 1
• 1.2.Problem Statement 4
• 1.3.Justification of the Study 6
• 1.4.Research Purpose and Objectives. 8
• 1.5.Scope and Delimitation of the Study 9
• 1.6. Important Definitions 11
• Chapter 2. Literature Review 13
• 2.1. Dimensions of Climate Change Impacts on Pastoralism 14
• 2.2. Overview of Pastoralism and its Contribution 17
• 2.3. Impacts of Climate Change on Pastoral Livelihoods 19
• 2.4. Strategies for Adaptation in the Turkana Pastoral System 22
• 2.5. Theoretical Frameworks for Understanding Adaptation 30
• Chapter 3. Methodology 40
• 3.1. Research Design 41
• v
• 3.2. Study Area 42
• 3.3. Intended Demographic 44
• 3.4. Data Collection 45
• 3.5. Data Analysis 50
• 3.6. Characteristics of the Respondents 54
• Chapter 4. Findings 58
• 4.1. Research Findings per objective across Datasets 58
• 4.2. Cross-objective Triangulation from all Datasets 72
• Chapter 5. Discussions and Contributions 74
• 5.1. Discussions 74
• 5.2. Research Contributions 76
• 5.3. Research Limitations 77
• 5.4. Conclusion 78
• Reference 80
• 국문 초록 97
• Appendix 99
• vi