Evaluating Climate-Smart Agriculture Value Chains for Enhancing Economic Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Case Study of Lesotho = 사하라 이남 아프리카 경제 회복력 향상을 위한 기후 스마트 농업 가치 사슬 평가: 레소토 사례 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study evaluated the integration of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices into Lesotho’s agricultural value chains to enhance economic resilience and productivity among smallholder farmers. Utilizing evidence from the Lesotho Smallholder Agriculture Development Project (SADP, 2012-2020) and comparative analyses from Cameroon’s Agricultural Competitiveness Project and Angola’s Agricultural Recovery Project, the research investigated climate-smart agriculture- driven interventions on productivity, financial sustainability, and climate resilience. A mixed-methods approach that included cost-benefit analysis, sensitivity testing, and qualitative synthesis was used to look at how well agro-ecological systems worked across value chains, especially for wool and mohair, vegetables, and livestock (poultry, piggery, and dairy). The results showed that wool and mohair subprojects in the Mountain and Foothill zones were very profitable and strong because traditional livestock systems worked well with climate-smart practices. In the Lowlands and Senqu Valley, vegetable subprojects were also profitable and high in demand conservation agriculture, tunnel farming, and proximity to the markets. On the other hand, livestock subprojects in the Lowlands did not do well, mostly due to the 2015-2016 El Niño that led to shortage of animal feed and water. The study emphasized the necessity for specific policy initiatives that incorporate CSA technologies, improve farmers’ abilities in financial and governance management, and encourage the use of digital tools for real-time monitoring of resilience and productivity. The results were in line with the Lesotho Comprehensive National Agricultural Policy (CNAP 2022–2026), the Lesotho Climate-Smart Agriculture Investment Plan (CSAIP 2021), and the SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP 2020–2030). This shows how important it is to use zone- sensitive, inclusive, and data-driven methods for long-term changes in agriculture.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• Table of Contents iii
• List of Tables v
• List of Figures vi
• Abbreviations vii
• Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1 Backgrounds 1
• 1.2 Problem Statement 8
• 1.3 Research Objectives 9
• 1.3.1 Major Objective 10
• 1.3.2 Specific Objectives· 10
• 1.4 Research Questions 10
• 1.4.1 Main Research Question 10
• 1.4.2 Sub-Questions 11
• Chapter 2. Literature Review 12
• 2.1 Climate Change and Food Safety 12
• 2.2 Economic Resilience of Agriculture 15
• 2.2.1 Climate-Smart Agriculture 15
• 2.2.2 Agricultural Economic Resilience 18
• 2.2.3 Barriers to the Adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture 21
• 2.2.4 Empirical Evidence of CSA’s Economic Impact 23
• 2.2.5 Comparative Analysis of CSA vs. Conventional Farming in Economic
• Returns 24
• Chapter 3. Methodology 29
• 3.1 Research Design 29
• 3.2 Data Collection and Integration 31
• 3.3 Limitations 34
• iv
• 3.4 Data Analysis 34
• Chapter 4. Results 38
• 4.1 Introduction 38
• 4.2 Overview of SADP Value Chian Interventions 39
• 4.3 The Impact of Climate-Smart Agriculture on Productivity and Market Reach
• 40
• 4.3.1 Change in Productivity of Proxy Cash Crops 41
• 4.3.2 SADP Agro-Enterprises Market Share 43
• 4.4 SADP Economic and Financial Performance 45
• 4.5 SADP Value Chains Cost-Benefit Analysis 48
• 4.5.1 SADP Value Chains Benefit-Cost Ratios Analysis 48
• 4.5.2 SADP Value Chains Rapid Benefit-Cost Ratios Analysis 49
• 4.6 SADP Value Chains Sensitivity Analysis 51
• Chapter 5. Discussions and Recommendations 56
• 5.1 Effectiveness of CSA Value Chains in Promoting Resilience 59
• 5.2 SADP Alignment with the National and Regional Policies 65
• 5.2.1 Comprehensive National Agriculture Policy (CNAP; 2022 – 2026) ·· 65
• 5.2.2 Lesotho Climate-Smart Agriculture Investment Plan (CSAIP; 2021) 66
• 5.2.3 Southern African Development Community (SADC) Regional Indicative
• Strategic Plan (RISDP; 2020 – 2030) 67
• 5.3 Recommendations· 68
• 5.4 Conclusion 71
• References 75
• 국문초록 79
• Acknowledgements 81
• v