맞벌이 부부의 가사 시간 결정 요인 : 가구 소득 수준별 차이를 중심으로 = Determinants of Housework Time among Dual-Earner Couples

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines how the determinants of housework time among dual-earner couples vary by household income level. Specifically, it investigates whether the core mechanisms proposed by relative resources theory, gender ideology theory, and gender display theory operate differently across income contexts. While previous studies have largely applied these theories without questioning the conditions under which they hold, relatively little attention has been paid to the economic contexts that may enable or constrain their explanatory power.
Using data from the 2019 Korean Time Use Survey, this study focuses on dual-earner couples living in households composed exclusively of married parents and their minor children. Household income is treated as a contextual variable that may generate differences in how couples determine the division of housework. Given the zero-inflated distribution of men’s housework time, Tobit regression models are estimated for men, while OLS regression models are used for women.
The results show that relative income contribution is an important determinant of housework time for both men and women, but its effects vary by gender and day of the week. On weekdays, relative resources matter for both men and women, while men’s non-traditional gender ideology is associated with their own housework time only. On weekends, men’s housework time continues to be shaped by their non-traditional gender ideology, and a non-linear relationship between men’s income contribution and housework time is observed, though not fully consistent with the assumptions of gender display theory. For women, weekend housework time is influenced by both spouses’ non-traditional gender ideology: women holding more non-traditional gender ideology tend to spend more time on housework, whereas having husbands with more non-traditional gender ideology is associated with a reduction in women’s housework time.
Most importantly, the stratification of housework decision-making mechanisms by household income is more evident on weekends than on weekdays. Patterns observed in subgroup analyses suggest that in lower-income households, increases in men’s income contribution are associated with reductions in men’s housework time, whereas such patterns are less apparent in higher-income households. In addition, the positive association between women’s non-traditional gender ideology and women’s weekend housework time appears only among households classified in the lowest- and highest-income categories. No clear evidence is found for the stratification of gender display mechanisms.
These findings suggest that the applicability of relative resources theory and gender ideology theory may vary depending on the economic context in which couples organize paid labor and housework. By highlighting the contextual and conditional operation of housework allocation mechanisms, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of gendered time use among dual-earner couples.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• Ⅱ. 가사 시간 결정 이론의 논리와 한계 6
• 1. 상대적 자원 이론(relative resources theory) 6
• 2. 성역할 이념 이론(gender ideology theory) 11
• 3. 성 전시 이론(gender display theory) 15
• Ⅲ. 연구모델 구성 20
• 1. 데이터 및 분석 모형 20
• 2. 변수 정의 및 측정 22
• 1) 종속변수 22
• 2) 독립변수 및 조절변수, 통제변수 23
• 3. 분석 방법 33
• Ⅳ. 분석 결과 36
• 1. 기술통계 36
• 2. 가사 시간에 대한 회귀분석 결과 54
• 1) 요일 통합 가사 시간에 대한 회귀분석 결과 55
• 2) 평일 가사 시간에 대한 회귀분석 결과 63
• 3) 주말 가사 시간에 대한 회귀분석 결과 69
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 한계 82
• 부록 90
• 참고문헌 91