한국 성인의 비타민 D 섭취 수준에 따른 혈액생화학적 특성, 영양소 및 식품군 섭취, 만성질환 유병 위험도 : : 제8기 (2019-2021) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 = Blood biochemical characteristics, nutrient and food group intake, and chronic disease risk according to vitamin D intake in Korean adults : Data from the 8th (2019-2021) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between vitamin D intake and health-related characteristics, blood biochemical markers, nutrient intake, and chronic disease prevalence in Korean adults aged 19–64 years.
Methods: Data from the 8th (2019–2021) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) were used. This study examined socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, residence region, household income, marital status, education level, economic activity status), lifestyle characteristics (smoking, alcohol consumption, walking, strength training, stress level, subjective health perception), chronic disease prevalence (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, stroke, cancer, depression, renal disease, cataract, allergic rhinitis, osteoporosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, myocardial infarction/angina), blood biochemical characteristics (HbA1c, Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and nutrient
intake (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, folate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, zinc) according to quartiles of vitamin D intake.

Results: The group who consumed the lowest level of vitamin D (Q1) showed a high proportion of women, younger adults, individuals living in urban areas, low-income and low-education households, and unmarried participants. In addition, the Q1 group had a higher prevalence of current smokers, frequent drinkers, those walking less than twice a week, and those with higher perceived stress levels. In biochemical characteristics, triglyceride levels were significantly
“high”, while hemoglobin and hematocrit were relatively “low” in the Q1 group. Regarding chronic diseases, the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was higher in the Q1 group compared to the higher-intake groups. In nutrient intake, insufficient consumption of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, calcium, potassium, and iron was most prevalent in the Q1 group. The Index of Nutritional Quality(INQ)
of major nutrients, the Nutrition Adequacy Ratio(NAR) of multiple vitamins and minerals, and Mean Adequacy Ratio(MAR) values were also all lowest in the Q1 group, showing that lower vitamin D intake was associated with poorer overall diet quality.

Conclusion: In Korean adults aged 19–64 years, the proportion of individuals with low vitamin D intake was high. In addition, the group with lower intake showed poorer health-related behaviors and dietary intake status, and higher risks related to chronic diseases. Therefore, nutrition education and supportive dietary environments are necessary to improve vitamin D intake levels and promote health among Korean adults.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 4
• 1. 만성질환 유병 현황 4
• 2. 한국 성인의 식생활 현황 6
• 3. 영양소 섭취와 만성질환 8
• 4. 비타민 D 섭취와 만성질환 10
• 5. 국민건강영양조사의 활용 12
• Ⅲ. 연구대상 및 방법 14
• 1. 연구대상 및 자료 수집 14
• 2. 연구내용 및 방법 16
• 3. 자료분석 22
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 23
• 1. 인구사회학적 특성 23
• 2. 생활습관적 특성 26
• 3. 만성질환 유병 여부 29
• 4. 혈액생화학적 특성 32
• 5. 에너지 및 영양소 섭취 35
• 1) 양적 섭취 35
• 2) 질적 섭취 43
• 6. 식품군별 섭취 47
• 7. 만성질환 발병 위험도 49
• Ⅴ. 고찰 52
• Ⅵ. 요약 및 결론 69
• 참고문헌 72