This study developed a multifunctional titanium surface by coating nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) onto anodized TiO₂ nanotube (TNT) layers. SEM/TEM and spectroscopy confirmed successful TNT formation and N-CQD functionalization while pr...
This study developed a multifunctional titanium surface by coating nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) onto anodized TiO₂ nanotube (TNT) layers. SEM/TEM and spectroscopy confirmed successful TNT formation and N-CQD functionalization while preserving the anatase TiO₂ phase. Under 808 nm NIR irradiation, the N-CQDs–TNT samples exhibited rapid, concentration-dependent photothermal heating (63–71 °C) compared with Ti (~40 °C) and uncoated TNT (~56 °C). WST results using MC3T3-E1 cells showed that overall metabolic activity was maintained during culture, supporting the biocompatible potential of the N-CQDs–TNT surface for future antibacterial implant applications.