엘리트 청소년 선수들의 성취동기, 자기결정성, 자기효능감 및 주관적 안녕감의 관계 = The Relationships Among Achievement Motivation, Self-Determination, Self-Efficacy and Subjective Well-Being in Elite Adolescent Athletes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to examine the structural relationships among achievement motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being in elite adolescent athletes. Specifically, the study investigated the direct and indirect effects of these variables and verified the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between self-determination and subjective well-being. Participants were 193 elite adolescent athletes attending Jeonbuk Physical Education Middle and High School in South Korea. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0, including descriptive statistics, independent samples T-test, one-way ANOVA, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) with bootstrapping (2,000 resamples) to test mediating effects.
The results revealed that male athletes showed significantly higher scores in “hope of success,” a sub-factor of achievement motivation, and in self-efficacy than female athletes (p < .01), and that athletes in composite-type sports reported significantly greater autonomy than those in weight-class or combat-type sports (p < .05). No significant differences were found by grade level, competition experience, or years of training. Correlation analysis indicated positive and significant relationships among all major variables (r = .201–.655, p < .01). SEM results showed that self-determination had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy (β = .811, p < .001), and subjective well-being (β = .447, p < .01), while self-efficacy also positively predicted subjective well-being (β = .400, p < .001). Bootstrap analysis further confirmed the partial mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between self-determination and subjective well-being (95% CI = .288–.625, p < .01). However, achievement motivation did not show any significant direct or indirect effects on either self-efficacy or subjective well-being.
These findings highlight that self-determination plays a pivotal role in enhancing both self-efficacy and subjective well-being among elite adolescent athletes. The results suggest that psychological environments fostering autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction—rather than extrinsic achievement or competition-focused motivation—are crucial for promoting athletes’ mental well-being. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the application of self-determination theory in adolescent elite sports contexts and offers practical implications for developing autonomy-supportive coaching and psychological training programs aimed at improving athletes’ holistic development.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 3
• 3. 연구의 모형 4
• 4. 연구 문제 5
• 5. 용어의 정리 5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 6
• 1. 성취동기 6
• 2. 자기결정성 10
• 3. 자기효능감 15
• 4. 주관적안녕감 20
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 25
• 1. 연구 대상 25
• 2. 연구 도구 27
• 3. 연구 절차 33
• 4. 자료 분석 및 처리 33
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 34
• 1. 통합 확인적 요인분석 결과 34
• 2. 주요 변인 간의 상관관계분석 37
• 3. 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 주요 변인 차이 분석 38
• 4. 구조방정식모형 분석 43
• Ⅴ. 논의 50
• 1. 연구 요약 및 핵심 결과 개관 50
• 2. 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 주요 변인 차이 분석 논의 51
• 3. 구조방정식모형 분석에 대한 논의 57
• 4. 종합 논의 63
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 66
• 1. 결론 66
• 2. 연구의 제한점 69
• 2. 제언 70
• Ⅶ. 참고 문헌 71
• Ⅷ. 부록 88