실사영상 기반 자전거 라이딩 시스템의 운동 효과와 사용자 평가 분석 = Evaluation of Exercise Effects and User Experience of Real-World Video-Based Bicycle Riding System

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The global decline in physical activity has emerged as a critical public health issue, contributing to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and increased healthcare costs. Although regular exercise is widely recognized as essential for health promotion, long-term adherence remains challenging due to time constraints, motivational barriers, and limited access to suitable exercise environments. In response to these challenges, recent advances in digital health technologies have introduced interactive and immersive exercise systems designed to enhance user engagement and exercise sustainability. However, empirical evidence simultaneously validating both physiological effectiveness and user experience in real-video-based interactive cycling systems remains limited.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exercise effectiveness and usability of a real-video-based indoor cycling system that dynamically synchronizes cycling resistance with real-world video terrain. Thirty healthy young adults participated in four 30-minute cycling sessions corresponding to increasing content intensity levels. Physiological responses were continuously measured using electrocardiographic sensors and metabolic gas analyzers, including heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), oxygen uptake (VO₂), carbon dioxide output (VCO₂), respiratory rate, and metabolic equivalents (METs). Peripheral body temperature changes were also assessed using thermal imaging to capture autonomic and metabolic responses. HRV indices were analyzed using Kubios HRV software, and repeated-measures statistical analyses were conducted to identify intensity-dependent differences. Following the physiological assessment, system usability and user experience were evaluated using questionnaires based on ISO 9241-11 and Nielsen’s usability heuristics.
The results demonstrated significant physiological adaptations across content intensity levels. Heart rate, VO₂, VCO₂, respiratory rate, and METs increased progressively with rising content difficulty, confirming that the system delivered graded and physiologically valid exercise loads. HRV analysis revealed significant reductions in time- and frequency-domain indices associated with parasympathetic activity, indicating appropriate autonomic modulation during higher-intensity exercise. Notably, strong correlations were observed between video-derived terrain elevation and both heart rate and metabolic parameters, supporting the accuracy of the system’s real-time resistance synchronization. Thermal imaging further showed significant post-exercise temperature increases in active muscle regions, consistent with elevated metabolic demand.
Usability evaluation results indicated high overall user satisfaction, with excellent scores for learnability, efficiency, and enjoyment. Participants reported enhanced immersion, reduced perceived monotony, and increased motivation attributable to the realistic visual feedback and responsive resistance control. Reliability analysis confirmed high internal consistency across usability measures.
In conclusion, the real-video-based indoor cycling system demonstrated both robust physiological effectiveness and high usability. By integrating realistic visual environments with adaptive resistance control, the system successfully provided meaningful exercise stimuli while enhancing user engagement and motivation. These findings suggest that real-video-based interactive cycling systems represent a promising approach for promoting sustained physical activity and may serve as an effective digital fitness and rehabilitation platform within the field of healthcare engineering.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 1
• 1.1 연구 배경 1
• 1.2 연구 동향 15
• 1.3 연구 목적과 내용 20
• 제 2 장 이론적 배경 22
• 2.1 게임 요소와 운동 지속성의 관계 22
• 2.1.1 게임화 요소와 동기부여 23
• 2.1.2 사회적 상호작용과 운동 지속성 26
• 2.2 몰입형 콘텐츠의 효과 29
• 2.2.1 상호작용과 운동 지속성 29
• 2.2.2 기존 운동 방식과의 비교 31
• 제 3 장 시스템 구성 33
• 3.1 실사영상 기반 자전거 운동 시스템의 개발 33
• 3.2 실사영상 기반 자전거 운동 시스템의 인체영향평가 41
• 3.2.1 심박수 및 심박변이도(HRV) 측정 41
• 3.2.2 호흡가스 측정 43
• 3.2.3 체열 측정 44
• 제 4 장 연구 방법 46
• 4.1 실사영상 기반 자전거 운동 시스템의 인체영향평가 46
• 4.1.1 연구대상자 선정 및 기준 46
• 4.1.2 연구 절차 47
• 4.1.3 자료 분석 51
• 4.2 실사영상 기반 자전거 운동 시스템의 사용성 평가 54
• 4.2.1 연구대상자 선정 및 기준 54
• 4.2.2 연구 절차 54
• 4.2.3 자료 분석 58
• 제 5 장 연구 결과 59
• 5.1 실사영상 기반 자전거 운동 시스템의 인체영향평가 결과 59
• 5.2 실사영상 기반 자전거 운동 시스템의 사용성 평가 결과 72
• 제 6 장 고 찰 78
• 제 7 장 결 론 85
• 참고 문헌 87
• 연구 실적 103