스핀코팅을 이용한 비등방성 질소 도핑 메조 다공성 탄소 합성 및 수계 아연-아이오딘 전지 양극으로의 응용 = Synthesis of Anisotropic Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon via Spin Coating and Its application as a Cathode for Aqueous Zn-I2 Batteries

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Porous carbon materials with well-defined pore architectures have attracted significant interest due to their wide applicability in catalysis, drug delivery, and electrochemical energy storage. Micropores provide large specific surface areas, while macropores offer high pore volume and facilitate efficient mass transport. Mesoporous structures combine these advantages, making mesoporous materials particularly promising. However, conventional synthesis routes typically rely on hard templates or multistep procedures, posing challenges for simplicity, reproducibility, and scalability.
In this study, we report a one-pot synthesis of anisotropic lens-shaped nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (Lens-NMC) via an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process. During self-assembly, the precursors and block-co-polymer (BCP) form an ordered mesostructure, while spinodal decomposition (SD) drives macrophase separation, leading to the formation of lens-shaped particles containing both micropores and mesopores. By controlling the solvent evaporation rate, the particle size of Lens-NMC was tuned: fast evaporation using a spin coater produced smaller particles (Lens-NMC-f), whereas slow natural evaporation generated larger particles (Lens-NMC-s).
The resulting Lens-NMC materials feature well-defined mesopores, uniform morphology, and tunable particle size. After iodine infiltration, they were employed as cathodes for aqueous zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) batteries. Notably, Lens-NMC-f exhibited a high discharge capacity of 326.4 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and excellent long-term stability, delivering 191.2 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 over 10,000 cycles. These results demonstrates that the one-pot EISA-based approach provides a scalable and effective route to engineer mesoporous carbon architectures optimized for high-performance aqueous Zn-I2 bartteries (AZIB).

목차 (Table of Contents)

• List of contents i
• List of Figures iv
• Abstract vi
• 1. 서론 1
• 2. 이론적 배경 5
• 2.1. 자기조립 (미세상 분리) 5
• 2.2. 스피노달 분해 8
• 2.3. 수계 아연-아이오딘 전지 (Aqueous Zinc-Iodine Battery, AZIB) 10
• 3. 실험 15
• 3.1. 시약 및 재료 15
• 3.2. 실험 방법 16
• 3.2.1. Phenol-formaldehyde Resin (Resol, PF) 합성. 16
• 3.2.2. Alumino silicate sol (AS sol) 합성. 16
• 3.2.3. Lens-Shaped Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous carbon, fast evarporation(Lens-NMC-f) 합성 17
• 3.2.4. Lens-Shaped Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon, slow evaporation (Lens-NMC-s) 합성 18
• 3.2.5. Bulk Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon (Bm-NC) 합성 18
• 3.2.6. 아이오딘 담지 (Iodine Loading) 20
• 3.2.7. 양극(Cathode) 제조 20
• 3.2.8. 전해질 제조 20
• 3.2.9. Coin Cell 제작 (2032 coin cell) 20
• 3.3. 특성 분석 22
• 3.3.1. 구조적 특성 22
• 3.3.1.1. 주사 전자현미경 (FE-SEM) 및 에너지 분산형 X 선 분광법(Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, EDS), 투과전자현미경 (TEM) 분석 22
• 3.3.1.2. 질소 흡탈착 분석 22
• 3.3.1.3. X선 회절 (X-ray Diffraction, XRD) 분석 23
• 3.3.2. 화학적 특성 23
• 3.3.2.1. 열중량 분석 (Thermogravimetric Analysis, TGA) 분석 23
• 3.3.3. 수계 아연-아이오딘 전지(AZIB) 전기화학적 성능 분석 23
• 4. 결과 및 고찰 25
• 4.1. 증발 속도 조절을 통한 Lens-NMC 합성 25
• 4.2. 합성한 탄소 물질의 아이오딘 담지 전후 구조 및 화학적 특성 평가 33
• 4.3. 수계 아연-아이오딘 전지 제조 및 전기화학적 성능 평가 38
• 5. 결론 45
• 참고문헌 47