사료 내 Almond hull 첨가가 비육후기 한우의 반추위 발효성상 및 도체성적에 미치는 영향 조사 = Effects of Dietary Almond Hulls Supplementation on Ruminal Fermentation and Carcass Traits in Late-Fattening Hanwoo Steers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of almond hulls (ALH) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and carcass traits in late-fattening Hanwoo steers through a systematic review, in vitro ruminal fermentation experiment, and feeding trial. The systematic review was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, analyzing 32 studies published from 2000 to 2025. ALH was characterized as an energy feed source with crude protein of 4-10%, neutral detergent fiber of 25-35%, and non-fiber carbohydrates of 50-64%. However, no studies on fattening beef cattle, particularly Hanwoo, were identified, highlighting the need for this research. The in vitro ruminal fermentation experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four levels of ALH supplementation (0%, 3%, 5%, 7%) in triplicate. At 24 hours of incubation, total gas production significantly increased in all ALH groups (174.00-175.00 mL) compared to the control (170.00 mL, p=0.003), while ruminal pH was maintained within the normal physiological range (6.20-6.77) across all treatments. Total volatile fatty acid production in the 7% ALH group (96.61 mM) was 10.7% higher than the control (87.30 mM, p=0.039), and acetate concentration in the 7% ALH group (50.48 mM) was 12% higher than the control (44.94 mM, p=0.029). Branched-chain fatty acids increased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating enhanced microbial protein synthesis (p<0.001). However, in vitro dry matter digestibility significantly decreased from 53.91% in the control to 51.47% with 7% ALH supplementation (p<0.001), suggesting that the optimal supplementation level is 3-5%.
The feeding trial was conducted for 12 weeks using 34 late-fattening Hanwoo steers (average 29.12 months of age) with 17 head per treatment (control and 5% ALH). All carcass traits showed no negative effects with ALH supplementation. Carcass weight tended to increase from 478.53 kg in the control to 502.82 kg in the 5% ALH group (+5.1%, p=0.127), and marbling score tended to improve from 5.53 to 5.88 (+6.3%, p=0.504). The frequency of the highest quality grade (= 1++) increased from 23.53% to 35.29% (+11.76 percentage points), and premium grade (= 1+ or higher) increased from 58.82% to 64.70% (+5.88 percentage points). In conclusion, ALH can be utilized as an economical energy-supplementing feed resource for late-fattening Hanwoo steers at 3-5% supplementation level, maintaining ruminal health without negatively affecting carcass performance. These findings provide fundamental data for the practical application of ALH in the Korean Hanwoo industry.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 1
• 제 2 장 연 구 사 4
• 제 1 절 아몬드 산업 현황과 부산물 발생 4
• 제 2 절 Almond hull 의 물리화학적 특성 14
• 제 3 절 Almond hull 의 사료학적 가치 16
• 제 4 절 Almond hull 활용의 경제성과 환경적 가치 20
• 제 3 장 체계적 문헌고찰을 통한 Almond hull 의 반추동물 사료 가치 분석 24
• 제 1 절 서 론 24
• 제 2 절 연구 방법 26
• 제 3 절 연구 결과 및 고찰 34
• 제 4 장 사료 내 Almond hull 의 첨가가 비육후기 한우의 반추위 발효 성상에 미치는 영향 69
• 제 1 절 서 론 69
• 제 2 절 재료 및 방법 71
• 제 3 절 결과 79
• 제 4 절 고찰 95
• 제 5 장 사료 내 Almond hull 의 첨가가 비육후기 한우의 도체 성적에 미치는 영향 111
• 제 1 절 서 론 111
• 제 2 절 재료 및 방법 113
• 제 3 절 결과 121
• 제 4 절 고찰 125
• 제 6 장 종합 고찰 및 결론 131
• 제 1 절 반추동물 사료자원으로서의 Almond hull 의 가치 131
• 제 2 절 Almond hull 급여의 한계점과 극복 방안 136
• 제 3 절 한우 산업에서의 경제적 함의 139
• 제 4 절 결론 141
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 142
• 제 8 장 감사의 글 151