반추동물의 스트레스 요인별 생리적⋅행동적 반응 지표에 대한 연구: 메타분석 = Physiological and Behavioral Stress Response in Ruminants According to Various Factors: A Meta-analysis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study used meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effects of stress factors on physiological and behavioral indicators in ruminants (beef cattle, dairy cattle, and goats) and to compare stress response characteristics across species. A total of 51 studies were included in the final analysis: 21 on beef cattle, 18 on dairy cattle, and 12 on goats. Blood cortisol, blood glucose, lying time, and rumination time were selected as response indicators. Stress factors including temperature, transportation, social stress, weaning, housing condition, environmental enrichment, castration, dehorning, rectal examination and handling were classified for subgroup analysis.
Overall effect size analysis showed that blood cortisol concentrations significantly increased in beef cattle and dairy cattle (p < 0.05), and blood glucose concentrations significantly increased in beef cattle and goats (p < 0.05). Lying time significantly decreased in beef cattle (p < 0.0001), while dairy cattle showed no significant change (p = 0.2597). Rumination time significantly decreased in dairy cattle (p = 0.0008).
Subgroup analysis revealed that in beef cattle, blood cortisol concentration significantly increased under housing condition, temperature, and transportation stress (p < 0.05), while no significant change was observed under weaning stress (p > 0.05). Blood glucose concentration showed no significant changes under transportation and temperature stress (p > 0.05). Lying time significantly decreased under temperature stress(p < 0.0001). In dairy cattle, blood cortisol concentration significantly increased under temperature stress (p < 0.0001) but showed no significant change under environment enrichment (p = 0.4375). Blood glucose concentration showed no significant change under temperature stress (p = 0.1832). Lying time showed no significant change under environment enrichment (p = 0.7887), while rumination time significantly decreased under temperature stress (p < 0.0001). In goats, blood cortisol concentration showed no significant change under environment enrichment (p = 0.1313), whereas blood glucose concentration significantly increased under handling stress (p < 0.0001).
Publication bias was detected in blood cortisol concentration in beef cattle, blood glucose concentration in goats, and rumination time in dairy cattle. After correction using trim and fill analysis, all three indicators lost statistical significance, suggesting that effects may have been overestimated.
This study demonstrated that stress responses in ruminants differ according to species and stress factors, providing scientific evidence for objectifying and refining Korean animal welfare certification standards.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• TABLE OF CONTENTS i
• LIST OF TABLES iv
• LIST OF FIGURES v
• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi
• ABSTRACT vii
• 1. 서론 1
• 2. 연구사 3
• 2.1. 스트레스 이론의 발전과 축산학적 관점 3
• 2.1.1. 스트레스 이론의 발전 3
• 2.1.2. 축산학에서의 스트레스 개념 5
• 2.2. 반추동물의 스트레스 반응 지표 6
• 2.2.1. 생리적 반응 지표 6
• 2.2.2. 행동적 반응 지표 9
• 2.3. 반추동물의 스트레스 요인 12
• 2.3.1. 환경온도(temperature) 12
• 2.3.2. 운송(transportation) 14
• 2.3.3. 사회적 스트레스(social stress) 15
• 2.3.4. 이유(weaning) 17
• 2.3.5. 사육 조건(housing condition) 18
• 2.3.6. 환경 풍부화(environmental enrichment) 20
• 2.3.7. 거세(castration), 제각(dehorning) 및 직장검사(rectal examination) 21
• 2.3.8. 취급(handling) 22
• 2.4. 메타분석 23
• 2.4.1. 효과크기(effect size) 23
• 2.4.2. 통계적 이질성(statistical heterogeneity) 24
• 2.4.3. 출판편향(publication bias) 25
• 3. 재료 및 방법 26
• 3.1. 자료 수집 26
• 3.2. 자료 선별 기준 28
• 3.3. 통계 분석 30
• 3.3.1. 분석 항목 30
• 4. 결과 33
• 4.1. 분석에 포함된 연구의 특성 33
• 4.1.1. 육우 33
• 4.1.2. 젖소 36
• 4.1.3. 염소 39
• 4.2. 스트레스 요인이 반추동물의 생리적행동적 반응 지표에 미치는 영향 41
• 4.2.1. 축종별 스트레스 반응 특성 41
• 4.2.2. 스트레스 요인별 반응 특성 43
• 4.3. 출판편향 46
• 5. 고찰 49
• 5.1. 스트레스 요인이 반추동물의 생리적행동적 반응 지표에 미치는 영향 49
• 5.1.1. 육우 49
• 5.1.2. 젖소 52
• 5.1.3. 염소 56
• 5.2. 출판편향 58
• 6. 종합결론 60
• 7. 인용문헌 62
• 8. 감사의 글 94