Purpose: The purpose of this study was to research the quality characteristics and determine the optimal manufacturing condition of gluten-free cookies prepared with oat powder and rice powder.
Methods: The experimental methodology was designed accord...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to research the quality characteristics and determine the optimal manufacturing condition of gluten-free cookies prepared with oat powder and rice powder.
Methods: The experimental methodology was designed according to the central composite design of response surface methodology(RSM). In this study, oat powder (X1, 4∼16 g), rice powder(X2, 60∼100 g) were set as independent variables, and their physicochemical properties(moisture content, pH, sugar content, density, lightness, redness, yellowness and loss rate), antioxidant activity(DPPH), mechanical properties(hardness) and sensory evaluation(appearance, flavor, color, taste, texture and overall acceptability) were set as dependent variables. The experimental design was composed of a central composite design, including a total of 11 experimental points; 4 factorial points, 4 axial points and 3 central points.
Result: In the analysis of variance and regression analysis, the quadratic model was found to be significant(p<0.05) and showed high coefficients of determination for physicochemical properties(density, lightness, redness), antioxidant activity(DPPH), mechanical properties(hardness) and sensory evaluation(color, taste, texture and overall acceptability) of gluten-free cookies. The linear model was significant(p<0.05) for sugar content, loss late, yellowness. Among these, the linear model was adequate for loss late with a coefficient of determination. The 2FI model was selected for moisture content, but it did not show statistical significance. From these results, the optimal formulation, determined through numerical and graphical methods, was 10.40 g of oat powder(X1) and 90.35 g of rice powder(X2).
Conclusion: Gluten-free cookies prepared with oat powder and rice powder under optimal conditions are expected to satisfy consumer preferences and contribute to the development of functional products, especially for gluten-sensitive individuals. This study provides fundamental data for enhancing gluten-free bakery products.