AIoT 기반 스마트 화재 발신 시스템 설계 = Design of an AIoT-Based Smart Fire Alarm Initiation System

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study designs and implements an IoT-based fire alarm activation system that enhances accessibility, particularly for vulnerable populations in high-density residential environments. In modern apartment complexes, early fire response is critical due to rapid smoke spread and limited evacuation time, yet conventional manual fire alarm devices require physical force and proximity, making them difficult for children, the elderly, or mobility-impaired individuals to operate. To address this limitation, we propose a smart fire-alarm architecture integrating an AI vision sensor (HuskyLens), a deterministic preprocessing module based on the Arduino Uno R3, and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi communication module. The HuskyLens sensor performs real-time flame detection using an on-device CNN inference model, while the Arduino collects and preprocesses event data with deterministic timing. Fire event messages are transmitted through an MQTT lightweight messaging protocol and immediately delivered to a remote alarm server or user devices via existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. The implemented system was evaluated in terms of flame recognition accuracy, alarm activation latency, and wireless transmission reliability. Results show improved response speed and reduced false alarms compared to conventional manual activation methods, while significantly enhancing accessibility by enabling vulnerable users to trigger alarms with minimal physical interaction. The significance of this work lies in demonstrating that IoT, embedded AI, and wireless communication technologies can be effectively applied to fire safety domains, contributing to the development of next-generation smart fire alarm and emergency response systems.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서 론 1
• 2. IoT 화재 발신 시스템 3
• 2.1 공동주택 화재 안전 문제와 기존 발신기 현황 3
• 2.2 화재 경보 시스템의 법규 및 설치 기준 7
• 2.3 IoT 기술과 스마트 홈 보안 시스템 동향 9
• 2.4 무선 제어 기술의 발전 현황 12
• 2.5 IoT 기반 화재 감지 센서 및 통신 모듈의 연계 원리 15
• 3. 시스템 설계 및 구현 환경 18
• 3.1 시스템 아키텍처 18
• 3.2 하드웨어 구성 요소 및 사양 20
• 3.3 소프트웨어 구성 요소 및 개발 환경 23
• 3.4 시스템 개발 25
• 3.5 화재 발신 시스템 설계 및 연결 29
• 3.6 펌웨어 개발 34
• 4. 시스템 구현 및 검증 결과 42
• 4.1 시스템 동작 구현 결과 42
• 4.2 기존 발신기와의 성능 비교 45
• 5. 결론 51
• 참고문헌 53
• 부록 56