호흡기 상피세포에서 葛根, 羌活, 防風, 前胡가 염증, 산화적 스트레스 및 점액 변화에 미치는 영향

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and seasonal respiratory infections are characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, excessive mucus secretion, and structural airway remodeling. Traditional medicinal herbs including Pueraria lobata Ohwi, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz, Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischkin, and Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn have long been used for respiratory disorders, yet their comparative anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in human lung and airway epithelial cells remain insufficiently characterized.
This study evaluated and compared the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-mucus activities of four herbal extracts in human lung (A549) and airway (NCI-H292) epithelial cell lines. Extracts prepared in 70% ethanol were applied at non-cytotoxic concentrations, with inflammation induced by hTNF-alpha in A549 cells and PMA in NCl-H292 cells. Levels of IL-6 IL-8, NO, PGE2, MUC5AC, and MMP-9 were measured by ELISA, and mRNA expression of IL6, IL8, NOS2, PTGS2, MUC5AC, MMP9, HMOX1, and NQO1 was assessed using qRT-PCR.
All four extracts showed no cytotoxicity in either cell line. In hTNF-alpha stimulated A549 cells, the extracts significantly reduced IL-6, IL-8, NO, and PGE2 production while decreasing the expression of associated inflammatory genes, with Saposhnikovia divaricata exerting the strongest inhibitory effects followed by Ostericum koreanum. All extracts also upregulated the antioxidant genes HMOX1 and NQO1. In PMA-treated NCI-H292 cells, IL-6, IL-8, PGE2, MUC5AC, and MMP-9 levels were markedly decreased by all extracts, with Saposhnikovia divaricata showing the most pronounced suppression. Gene expression profiles paralleled the protein data, demonstrating downregulation of inflammatory and mucus-related genes and enhancement of antioxidant gene expression.
These results indicate that the four herbal extracts possess notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mucus-regulating activities in airway epithelial cells. Among them, Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischkin exhibited the greatest overall efficacy, supporting its potential as a functional ingredient for alleviating respiratory inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of herbal-based therapeutics for respiratory health.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차 ⅰ
• 표 목 차 ⅲ
• 그림목차 ⅳ
• Ⅰ. 서 론 01
• Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법 04
• 1. 시료 추출 04
• 2. 세포 배양 04
• 3. 세포 생존율 측정 05
• 4. Nitric oxide (NO) assay 05
• 5. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 06
• 6. 유전자 발현량 측정 06
• 1) RNA 추출 및 cDNA 합성 06
• 2) 정량적 real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) 07
• 7. 통계처리 07
• Ⅲ. 연구 결과 09
• 1. 폐 상피세포에서의 세포생존율 09
• 2. 폐 상피세포에서의 IL-6 생성량 10
• 3. 폐 상피세포에서의 IL-8 생성량 11
• 4. 폐 상피세포에서의 NO 생성량 12
• 5. 폐 상피세포에서의 PGE2 생성량 13
• 6. 폐 상피세포에서의 유전자 발현량 14
• 1) IL6 14
• 2) IL8 15
• 3) NOS2 16
• 4) PTGS2 17
• 5) HMOX1 18
• 6) NQO1 19
• 7. 기관지 상피세포에서의 세포생존율 20
• 8. 기관지 상피세포에서의 IL-6 생성량 21
• 9. 기관지 상피세포에서의 IL-8 생성량 22
• 10. 기관지 상피세포에서의 PGE2 생성량 23
• 11. 기관지 상피세포에서의 MUC5AC 생성량 24
• 12. 기관지 상피세포에서의 MMP-9 생성량 25
• 13. 기관지 상피세포에서의 유전자 발현량 26
• 1) IL6 26
• 2) IL8 27
• 3) PTGS2 28
• 4) MUC5AC 29
• 5) MMP9 30
• 6) HMOX1 31
• 7) NQO1 32
• Ⅴ. 고 찰 33
• Ⅵ. 결 론 38
• 참 고 문 헌 39
• 영 문 초 록 45