한국 노인의 주관적 건강인식에 따른 남녀의 건강관련 식습관과 영양섭취: 2019~2023년 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여 = Health-related Eating Habits And Nutritional Intake of Korean Older Adults Based on Subjective Health Perceptions: Using the 2019-2023 KNHANEs Data

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2019 to 2023. Subjects included men and women aged 65 years and older, divided into three groups based on their subjective health perceptions: positive, average, and negative. The results showed that the positive group had a higher proportion of men. Among older men, the positive group showed a negative relationship with alcohol consumption and smoking, and increased walking days. Among older women, alcohol consumption decreased, and similarly, the positive group showed higher walking days. Metabolic syndrome was higher in the negative group in both men and women. Among older men, there were significant differences in overall nutrient intake, and carbohydrate and protein intakes were higher in both men and women with positive attitudes. Among older women, intakes of most nutrients were higher in the positive group, but vitamin D did not show a significant difference. When adjusting for nutrient density (1,000 kcal), the effect of vitamin D on vitamin D in older men disappeared. Among older women, only some differences were significant, and carbohydrate intake was higher in the negative group in both men and women. The proportion of those deficient compared to the actual Korean Reference Intakes(KDRIs) differed across the board for older men, but there were no differences between groups for older women. The HEI scores by food group showed no significant differences for grains in both men and women, and no significant differences for dairy products in women. Analysis of the relationship between subjective health perception and metabolic syndrome revealed that the odds ratios(ORs) remained significant for both older men and women after adjusting for age and income quintile. However, after adjusting for HEI scores, only the ORs for older men remained significant. Even after adjusting for nutrient density as a covariate, the ORs for both men and women remained significant. In conclusion, improving subjective health perception had a positive effect on older men and women. Given the differences in specific health and nutrition items between the two groups, it is expected that nutrition programs tailored to gender will be more effective.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차 ⅰ
• 표 목 차 ⅳ
• 그림목차 ⅴ
• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구 필요성 1
• 2. 연구 목적 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 5
• 1. 주관적 건강인식 5
• 1) 주관적 건강인식의 정의 5
• 2) 한국인 주관적 건강인식 현황 6
• 3) 노인기 주관적 건강인식 개선의 중요성 8
• 2. 영양소 섭취량 개선의 필요성 9
• 1) 한국인 영양소 섭취 부족자 현황 9
• 2) 노인기 영양소 섭취의 중요성 10
• 3) 노인기 대사증후군 관련 요인 10
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 12
• 1. 연구 대상 12
• 2. 주관적 건강인식 14
• 3. 일반 사항 14
• 4. 식습관 및 생활습관 14
• 5. 신체계측 및 생화학적 지표 15
• 6. 노인 다빈도 질병 및 대사증후군 16
• 7. 영양소 섭취상태 및 식사의 질 평가 16
• 8. 통계분석 17
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 19
• 1. 일반적 특성 19
• 2. 건강관련 생활습관 21
• 3. 식생활 행태 25
• 4. 신체계측 28
• 5. 노인 다빈도 질환 31
• 6. 대사증후군 34
• 7. 영양표시 및 영양교육 35
• 8. 영양소 섭취량 38
• 9. 영양밀도 (1,000kcal당 영양소 섭취량) 40
• 10. KDRIs 대비 부족자 비율 42
• 11. 식품군별 섭취 점수 비교 44
• 12. 대사증후군과 부정적인 주관적 건강인식의 상관성 46
• Ⅴ. 고찰 49
• 1. 주관적 건강인식에 따른 영양소 섭취량 49
• 1) 영양소 섭취량 49
• 2) 식품군별 섭취량 50
• 2. 주관적 건강인식에 따른 식생활 51
• 3. 주관적 건강인식에 따른 대사증후군 유병 정도 52
• Ⅵ. 요약 및 결론 55
• 참 고 문 헌 58
• 영 문 초 록 65
• 부 록 67