Contemporary warfare—exemplified by the Russia–Ukraine conflict—has increasingly been characterized by the integration of drones, AI-enabled targeting, cyber operations, and electronic warfare, where combat effectiveness depends less on sheer ma...

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다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
Contemporary warfare—exemplified by the Russia–Ukraine conflict—has increasingly been characterized by the integration of drones, AI-enabled targeting, cyber operations, and electronic warfare, where combat effectiveness depends less on sheer ma...
Contemporary warfare—exemplified by the Russia–Ukraine conflict—has increasingly been characterized by the integration of drones, AI-enabled targeting, cyber operations, and electronic warfare, where combat effectiveness depends less on sheer manpower and more on the rapid coupling of sensing, data processing, decision-making, and precision strike. At the same time, South Korea faces a structural decline in military manpower due to low fertility and population aging, which challenges the long-term sustainability and perceived legitimacy of a male-centered conscription system. In this context, this dissertation conceptualizes an inclusive conscription system as an institutional design that expands participation beyond a single demographic axis by formalizing multi-path mobilization and professional contribution based on gender, social background, and competence. The study aims to articulate the concept and design principles of an inclusive conscription system suitable for South Korea and to propose a feasible, phased implementation pathway.
Methodologically, the study employs a mixed-method design combining (1) systematic literature review and comparative case analysis (e.g., gender-neutral conscription models and wartime mobilization experiences) with (2) a survey examining perceptions of female conscription among the practical target cohort (MZ generation). The survey consisted of 10 items and yielded 152 valid responses out of 205 distributed questionnaires (90 male, 62 female). Descriptive statistics and independent-samples t-tests were used to examine distributional patterns and group differences by gender and prior military service experience.
Key findings indicate that respondents strongly recognized the need to revise the current Military Service Act (M=3.70). Support for introducing female conscription as a response to manpower shortage (M=3.48) and perceived positive effects on national security (M=3.45) were also relatively high, suggesting an overall positive-to-neutral stance toward expanding women’s participation in defense obligations.
Exploratory factor analysis identified a two-factor structure—“need for introduction” and “perceived usefulness”—with adequate sampling adequacy (KMO=.864; Bartlett p<.001) and acceptable internal consistency (α=.849 and α=.669, respectively). Two items regarding the increase in sexual crimes and the appropriateness of equal service duration showed low factor loadings and were excluded, implying that these issues may require separate institutional design and social consensus strategies.
Regarding group differences, males were significantly more supportive of female conscription than females (p<.001). While the overall difference by military service experience was not statistically significant (p>.05), veterans perceived the “need for introduction” more strongly than non-veterans (p=.026), indicating that firsthand experience of force management may influence perceptions of institutional necessity.
Building on these results, the dissertation proposes a three-stage (short–mid–long term) implementation scenario for a Korean-type inclusive conscription system: short-term reforms to mitigate gender/social imbalance and improve institutional readiness; mid-term expansion of diverse participation pathways aligned with individual rights and social diversity; and long-term institutionalization of professional contribution to strategically mobilize advanced technological and specialized competencies for national defense sustainability.
Academically, the study contributes by integrating demographic decline and war-paradigm transformation into a unified analytic framework and by systematizing fragmented debates (female conscription, alternative service, professional manpower utilization) into a coherent concept of inclusive conscription with two core tracks: gender/social inclusiveness and professional contribution.
목차 (Table of Contents)