The purpose of this study was to examine the formation process of the poetic subject and the poetic orientation in the poetry of Go Jeong-hui (1948–1991) through the lens of "Otherness" (Alterity) within the turbulent context of modern Korean histor...
The purpose of this study was to examine the formation process of the poetic subject and the poetic orientation in the poetry of Go Jeong-hui (1948–1991) through the lens of "Otherness" (Alterity) within the turbulent context of modern Korean history from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Adopting Emmanuel Levinas’s "Ethics of the Other" as a theoretical framework, this study considers Go’s poetic creation as a fierce "response" to the "call" sent by the face of the Other and an ethical practice performing infinite "responsibility." Go’s poetry establishes a unique aesthetic in that it embodies the ethical tension arising from a fundamental encounter with the Other in poetic language, transcending mere emotional utterance or ideological declaration.
This study clarifies that the transformation of Go’s poetry follows a dialectical progression of the "Collective Other," "Individual Other," and "Infinite Other" as the perception of Otherness deepens, resulting in inevitable changes in the poetic subject and form.
First is the stage of the "Calling of the Collective Other," centering on her early poetry of the 1970s. Facing the oppressive reality of the Yushin dictatorship and rapid industrialization, Go confronts the suffering "Minjung" (the people). Here, the Other appears not as an individual with a specific face but as an anonymous "Collective Other" groaning under oppression. The poetic subject does not remain in a self-sufficient world of "jouissance" but forms an "Emotional Subject" that resonates with their pain and summons their existence through language. Embracing the Other's pain internally, the subject assumes a romantic lyricism. Metaphorizing herself as a "Jilhwaro" (earthen stove) melting the frozen bodies of others, Go practices a metaphysical desire toward the Other through the method of "calling," based on Christian love and the will for salvation. Consequently, the poetic orientation inevitably adopts the mode of "Lyricism," emphasizing inner confession and emotional resonance.
Second is the stage of the "Response to the Individual Other," centering on her mid-1980s poetry. Passing through the tragedy of the May 18 Gwangju Democratization Movement, the Other manifests no longer as a vague Minjung but as a concrete "Victim" of state violence and a distinct "Individual Other." This fragile, naked face demands an active ethical "response" from the subject: not only the command "Thou shalt not kill" but also a call to testify on behalf of their unjust deaths. Thus, the poetic subject transforms into a "Testimonial Subject" that records the truth and restores the Other's voice, transcending romantic sentiment. Go primarily appropriates traditional ritual forms like Ssitgimgut, Madang-gut, and Pansori, demonstrating a "Narrative" orientation that resolves the Other's Han (resentment) and evokes communal memory. This was the most desperate aesthetic choice to objectively record the Other's suffering and specifically respond to their call.
Third is the stage of the "Responsibility for the Infinite Other," centering on her poetry after the late 1980s. Go recognizes the existence of "Women," who remained excluded even within the Minjung discourse, rediscovering them as the "Other within the Other" and the "Infinite Other" irreducible to any system. As beings under the multilayered oppression of patriarchy, capitalism, and state violence, women demand from the poet a "responsibility" for fundamental liberation and solidarity beyond mere testimony. Accordingly, the poetic subject advances to a "Performative Subject" acting to dismantle the existing oppressive order and build a new ethical community. Go expands the suffering of women into a matter of social justice and performs specific practices for women's liberation and solidarity through declarative language and multi-layered "Symbolism." This sublimates the ethics of substitution—offering "my" freedom as a guarantee for the Other—into a dimension of collective solidarity.
In conclusion, Go Jeong-hui's poetry demonstrates a dialectical deepening of Otherness, progressing from the "Emotional Subject" (Calling/Lyricism) to the "Testimonial Subject" (Response/Narrative) and finally to the "Performative Subject" (Responsibility/Symbolism). By revealing that Go’s poetry was a process of fulfilling ethical responses and infinite responsibility for the Other's suffering beyond simple aesthetic achievement, this study integrally clarifies the mutual regulation between the ethical practicality and poetic orientation of her literature within literary history.
Key words: Go Jeong-hui, Ethics of the Other, Emmanuel Levinas, Subject Formation, Poetic Orientation, Collective Other, Individual Other, Infinite Other, Calling, Response, Responsibility.