The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effects of teaching creativity and play professionalism in the relationship between early childhood teachers’ play-centered curriculum implementation competence and teacher–child interactio...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effects of teaching creativity and play professionalism in the relationship between early childhood teachers’ play-centered curriculum implementation competence and teacher–child interaction.
Research Question 1. What are the effects of early childhood teachers’ play-centered curriculum implementation competence, teaching creativity, and play professionalism on teacher–child interaction?
Research Question 2. Does teaching creativity and play professionalism mediate the relationship between early childhood teachers’ play-centered curriculum implementation competence and teacher–child interaction?
Research Question 3. Does teaching creativity followed by play professionalism function as a dual sequential mediator in the association between teachers’ play-based curriculum practice competency and teacher–child interaction?
This study conducted a survey with 357 early childhood teachers working in childcare centers located in G and Y cities of Gyeonggi Province. The research instruments were based on previously validated scales with proven reliability and validity, covering four key variables: play-centered curriculum implementation competence, teacher–child interaction, teaching creativity, and play professionalism. Data were collected using both paper-based and online questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Correlation analysis was first performed to identify relationships among the variables. Subsequently, simple, multiple, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects, mediation, and sequential double mediation among the variables.
To test the statistical significance of the mediating effects, Process Macro Model 6 was applied. Finally, the structural relationships among the variables were identified based on the analysis results, and the conclusions and implications of the study were derived accordingly.
The results of this study are as follows.
First, the analysis of the effects of play-centered curriculum implementation competence on teacher–child interaction revealed that higher levels of implementation competence led to improved quality of interaction. Among the sub-factors, understanding and respecting play, reflection and feedback, joint participation in play, support for play situations, and communication and cooperation emerged as key contributors. In contrast, observation and documentation, provision of play materials and space, and democratic classroom management did not show a significant direct effect, indicating that reflective thinking and immediate practical engagement of teachers, rather than mere environmental support, play a decisive role in enhancing the quality of teacher–child interaction.
Second, the analysis of the effects of teaching creativity on teacher–child interaction showed that teaching creativity was a significant predictor of the quality of interaction. In particular, divergent thinking and behavior, task engagement and concentration, motivation and motivational encouragement, and openness and tolerance of ambiguity had positive influences on teacher–child interaction.
Third, the analysis of the effects of play professionalism on teacher–child interaction indicated that higher levels of play professionalism led to better quality of interaction. All sub-factors—teachers’ playfulness, understanding of children’s play, and implementation of play-centered curriculum—had positive effects on teacher–child interaction. In particular, implementation of play-centered curriculum showed the strongest influence, confirming that teachers’ play professionalism is a core competency that promotes developmentally appropriate interactions with young children.
Fourth, the analysis of the mediating and sequential double mediating effects of teaching creativity and play professionalism revealed that both variables had partial mediating effects and jointly demonstrated a significant sequential mediation. Specifically, play-centered curriculum implementation competence enhanced teaching creativity, which in turn strengthened play professionalism, ultimately improving the quality of teacher–child interaction.
These results indicate that the quality of teacher–child interaction is maximized when teachers’ implementation competence, creativity, and professionalism function in an interconnected manner.
The implications of this study are as follows.
This study empirically identified the structural relationships among early childhood teachers’ competencies for play-based curriculum practice, teaching creativity, and play professionalism, and their influence on teacher–child interaction. The findings provide foundational insights for enhancing teacher professionalism and improving the quality of interactions. However, the interpretation and generalization of the results should be approached with caution due to limitations in research scope and sampling.
First, although this study focused on three major variables, it did not incorporate other influential factors such as emotional intelligence, organizational culture, and work environment. Future studies should include these variables as mediating or moderating factors to verify more multidimensional models of teacher–child interaction.
Second, given that play-based curriculum practice competency, teaching creativity, and play professionalism were found to be closely interrelated, subsequent research should investigate how these teacher competencies develop over time and evaluate the effectiveness of long-term, systematic professional development programs.
Third, as this study relied primarily on quantitative analysis, future research would benefit from qualitative or mixed-methods approaches to explore teachers’ cognitive and emotional characteristics as they emerge in actual interaction contexts, thereby offering a deeper and more contextualized understanding of interaction processes.
Lastly, the use of a sample drawn from a limited number of childcare centers in Gyeonggi Province restricts the representativeness of the findings. Expanding future samples to include various regions and institutional types would enhance the generalizability of the results.
These implications offer meaningful guidance for improving teacher education systems and strengthening on-site professional support to enhance the implementation of play-based curricula and the quality of teacher–child interactions.