다중 GNSS 기선벡터망 조정에 의한 측지기준점 성과 산정에 관한 연구 = A Study on Multi-GNSS Vector Adjustments for Estimation of Geodetic Control Point Coordinates

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study focuses on the assessment of estimated Unified Control Point (UCP) coordinates using multi-GNSS baseline vector network adjustments. Campaign-based observations from 33 UCP stations and two Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) on Jeju Island, Korea, were processed by two commercial GNSS software packages, resulting in 1,408 baseline vectors from eight constellation combinations of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. Minimally constrained and over-constrained adjustments were successively performed to assess the effect of multi-constellation integration on the network precision. The multi-GNSS solutions have demonstrated improvements in both relative and absolute accuracy compared with the GPS-only solutions, with the vertical component exhibiting a reduction of approximately 25-30% in the semi-major axis of the error ellipses. Statistical testing at the 95% confidence level confirmed that coordinate differences between GPS-only and multi-GNSS adjustments were significant. Finally, an inverse statistical test was applied to determine the maximum allowable mean coordinate discrepancy between the two software packages, yielding values of approximately 1.5 cm in both the horizontal and vertical components. Such deviations are non-negligible for control point applications, indicating that software-dependent systematic differences must be carefully considered when deriving final coordinates.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• List of Tables ···································································· iv
• List of Figures ···································································· v
• I. 서론··················································································· 1
• 1. 연구 배경 및 목적··························································································· 1
• 2. 연구 동향··········································································································· 3
• 3. 연구 내용 및 방법··························································································· 5
• II. GNSS 기선벡터망 조정················································ 6
• 1. 측지기준점 측량······························································································· 6
• 1) 현황·················································································································· 6
• 2) GNSS 측량······································································································· 7
• 2. GNSS 현황········································································································· 8
• 3. 관측자료 및 오차··························································································· 10
• 1) 관측자료········································································································ 10
• (1) 의사거리····································································································· 10
• (2) 반송파········································································································· 10
• 2) 관측오차········································································································ 11
• (1) 기선장 오차······························································································· 11- i
• (2) 관측지점 오차··························································································· 11
• 3) 관측자료 차분······························································································ 12
• 4. 기선해석··········································································································· 13
• 1) 수학적 모형·································································································· 13
• 2) 실수형 미지정수 추정················································································ 13
• 3) 정수형 미지정수 결정 및 기선벡터 산출·············································· 14
• 5. 3D 벡터망 조정······························································································ 16
• 1) 수학적 모형·································································································· 16
• (1) 함수 모형··································································································· 16
• (2) 통계 모형··································································································· 17
• (3) 경험적 통계 모형화 기법······································································· 17
• (4) 최소제곱 추정··························································································· 19
• 2) 3차원 벡터망 조정······················································································ 20
• (1) 절차············································································································· 20
• (2) 최소 제약 조정························································································· 21
• (3) 과대 오차 검출·규명············································································· 21
• (4) 모형 적합도 검사····················································································· 22
• (5) 다점 고정 조정 및 성과 산정······························································· 23
• 3) 정확도 표현·································································································· 24
• (1) 오차 타원··································································································· 24
• (2) 오차 막대··································································································· 26- ii
• III. 자료처리 및 분석······················································· 27
• 1. 절차 및 방법··································································································· 27
• 2. GNSS 관측자료······························································································· 28
• 3. 기선해석 및 망 조정····················································································· 30
• 4. 가설검정··········································································································· 31
• 5. 결과 분석 및 고찰························································································· 34
• 1) 기선해석········································································································ 34
• 2) 최소 제약 망 조정······················································································ 39
• 3) 다점 고정 망 조정······················································································ 45
• IV. 결론·············································································· 56
• 참고문헌············································································· 58
• ABSTRACT········································································· 63