다중 GNSS 관측 환경에 따른 기선해석 정밀도 특성 분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigates the precision characteristics of multi-GNSS static
baseline processing under diverse observational environments using three
commercial software packages. Five test sites were selected from an
open area to a dense high-rise urban canyon, and four Leica receivers
which simultaneously tracked GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou signals
for about five hours at each site. The observations were divided into
one-hour sessions. They were processed as very-short baselines between
closely spaced receivers and short baselines between each site and a
nearby CORS for eight GNSS combinations from GPS-only to four-system
integration. Horizontal and height precision were evaluated from ENU
residual statistics, along with a dedicated experiment on GLONASS
inter-frequency phase bias. In favorable environments, multi-GNSS
combinations generally improved precision over GPS-only, confirming
system interoperability. In obstructed urban environments, however,
precision strongly depended on the software and GNSS combination, and - 98 -
some GLONASS-inclusive combinations showed degraded performance.
Triple and quadruple combinations such as GEC and GREC still achieved
centimeter-level horizontal precision, indicating their practical applicability
for urban control surveys. The results also indicate that high
ambiguity-fixing rates do not necessarily guarantee reliable solutions. This
underscores the importance of jointly examining software-provided quality
indicators, such as residuals and posterior variances, and performing
reprocessing or additional observations when these indicators degrade
abnormally.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론
• 1. 배경 및 목적 ···································································································1
• 2. 연구 동향 ·········································································································3
• 3. 연구내용 및 방법 ···························································································5
• II. 다중 GNSS 기선해석
• 1. 다중 GNSS 현황 ·····························································································7
• 1) GPS ···············································································································7
• 2) GLONASS ···································································································10
• 3) Galileo ········································································································13
• 4) BeiDou ········································································································15
• 2. 관측데이터 및 오차 ·····················································································18
• 1) 의사거리 ····································································································18
• 2) 반송파 ········································································································18
• 3) 관측데이터 표준 형식 ············································································19
• 4) 관측오차 ····································································································21- iii -
• (1) 기선장 오차 ·························································································21
• (2) 관측 지점 오차 ···················································································22
• (3) 관측데이터의 차분 ·············································································23
• 3. 기선해석 ·········································································································26
• III. 관측 실험
• 1. 관측 장비 ·······································································································31
• 2. 관측 ·················································································································35
• 1) 자료 획득 및 변환 ··················································································35
• 2) 관측 환경 ··································································································36
• (1) Site #01 ································································································37
• (2) Site #02 ································································································38
• (3) Site #03 ································································································39
• (4) Site #04 ································································································40
• (5) Site #05 ································································································41
• 3. 기선해석 및 분석 방법 ···············································································42
• 1) 기선 구성 ··································································································42
• (1) 초단기선 ·······························································································42
• (2) 단기선 ···································································································44
• 3) 기선해석 ····································································································45- iv -
• IV. 결과 및 고찰
• 1. 가관측 위성 수 ·····························································································48
• 1) Site #01 ·····································································································48
• 2) Site #02 ·····································································································49
• 3) Site #03 ·····································································································50
• 4) Site #04 ·····································································································51
• 5) Site #05 ·····································································································52
• 2. GLONASS IFPB 보정 ···················································································53
• 3. 초단기선 결과 ·······························································································56
• 1) 잔차 시계열 ······························································································58
• 2) 정밀도 ········································································································62
• (1) Site #01 ································································································62
• (2) Site #02 ································································································66
• (3) Site #03 ································································································68
• (4) Site #04 ································································································70
• (5) Site #05 ································································································72
• (6) 요약 ·······································································································74
• 3. 단기선 결과 ···································································································74
• 1) 잔차 시계열 ······························································································76
• 2) 정밀도 ········································································································80
• (1) Site #01 ································································································80
• (2) Site #02 ································································································82- v -
• (3) Site #03 ································································································83
• (4) Site #04 ································································································85
• (5) Site #05 ································································································87
• (6) 요약 ·······································································································89
• V. 요약 및 결론 ······························································· 90
• 참 고 문 헌 ······································································· 92
• ABSTRACT ········································································· 97