MgO?C 내화물의 열분해 시 악취 저감을 위한 에폭사이드/난연제 하이브리드 바인더의 개발

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to address the cresol-based odor generated during the
pyrolysis of phenolic resin in MgO–C refractories. To achieve this, a hybrid
binder comprising an aliphatic epoxide without aromatic rings and a
phosphorus-based flame retardant was developed and its performance was
systematically evaluated using MgO–C refractories. The incorporation of the
phosphorus-based flame retardant increased the carbon residue of the aliphatic
epoxide from 1.33% to 23.59%. GC–MS analysis also confirmed that no odorinducing
aromatic compounds, including phenol and cresol, were detected
during pyrolysis. Furthermore, XRD analysis after heat treatment at 1500 °C
under a reducing atmosphere revealed no significant differences in phase composition between the specimens prepared with the hybrid binder and those
prepared with the resol binder. Post-curing and post-thermal-treatment
evaluations showed that the MgO–C refractories containing the hybrid binder
exhibited higher porosity, lower bulk density, and reduced fracture strength
than those prepared with the resol binder, mainly due to the limited carbon
residue inherent to the aliphatic epoxide. Although kneadability and
moldability were maintained at levels comparable to the resol system under
industrial-scale processing conditions, the high-temperature properties—
including hot modulus of rupture (HMOR), oxidation resistance, thermal shock
resistance, and slag corrosion resistance—were generally inferior. Nevertheless,
the aliphatic epoxide–based binder without aromatic rings demonstrated
promising potential as an environmentally benign alternative capable of
effectively suppressing odor and harmful emissions. Further enhancement of
the carbon residue through synergistic combinations of multiple flame
retardants or optimization of phosphorus-based additives could facilitate the
development of a practical binder that ensures both environmental benefits and
industrial applicability for MgO–C refractories.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 ................................................................................. 4
• 그림 목차 ......................................................................... 8
• Table 목차 ...................................................................... 11
• ABSTRACT .................................................................... 12
• Ⅰ. 서론 ........................................................................... 14
• 1. 연구 배경 ....................................................................... 14
• Ⅱ. 문헌 연구 ................................................................... 20
• 1. 내화물의 개요 ................................................................. 20
• 2. MgO-C 내화물의 구성 및 역할 ...................................... 21
• 1) 마그네시아(MgO) ......................................................... 22
• 2) 흑연(Graphtite) ............................................................ 23
• 3) 산화방지제(Antioxidant) .............................................. 25
• 4) 유기바인더(binder) ...................................................... 26
• 3. 친환경 바인더 연구 동향 ................................................ 28
• 4. 에폭사이드 ...................................................................... 30
• 1) 에폭사이드계 바인더의 종류 및 특성 ............................ 27
• 2) 경화반응 메커니즘 ........................................................ 33
• 5. 난연제 ............................................................................ 34
• 1) 할로겐계 난연제 ............................................................ 34
• 2) 무기계 난연제 ................................................................ 35
• 3) 인계 난연제 ................................................................... 35
• 4) 질소계 난연제 ................................................................ 36
• Ⅲ. 실험방법 ........................................................................... 37
• 1. 재료 ................................................................................ 37
• 2. 하이브리드 바인더 제조 .................................................. 38
• 3. MgO-C 내화물 제조 ....................................................... 39
• 4. 바인더 특성 평가 ............................................................ 42
• 1) 시차주사열량 분석 (DSC) ............................................. 42
• 2) 적외선 분광 분석 (FT-IR) .......................................... 42
• 3) 열중량 분석(TGA) ........................................................ 43
• 4) 점도 및 유변학적 특성 평가 (Rheometer) ................... 44
• 5) 열분해-가스크로마토크그래피/질량분석 (Py-GC/MS)
• ............................................................................................... 44
• 5. MgO-C 내화물의 특성 평가 ........................................... 45
• 1) 파괴강도 (Three-point bending Test) ..................... 45
• 2) 선팽창률 ....................................................................... 46
• 3) 겉보기기공도 및 밀도 (Archimedes Method) .............. 46
• 4) X 선 회절 분석 (XRD) ................................................. 47
• 5) 주사전자현미경 분석 (SEM) ......................................... 48
• 6) 원소 조성 분석 (WD-XRF) ......................................... 49
• 6. 산업 규모 MgO–C 내화물의 제조 및 평가 ........................ 49
• 1) 제조 공정 ....................................................................... 49
• 2) 성형성 및 밀도 특성 평가 .............................................. 52
• 3) 기계적 및 열적 특성 평가 .............................................. 52
• 4) 산화, 열충격 및 슬래그 저항성 평가 .............................. 53
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 고찰 ..................................................................... 56
• 1. 바인더의 특성평가 .......................................................... 56
• 2. MgO-C 내화물의 특성 평가 ........................................... 71
• 3. 하이브리드 바인더의 산업 규모 적용 평가 ...................... 86
• Ⅴ. 결론 .................................................................................. 100
• Ⅵ. 참고문헌 ........................................................................... 104
• Ⅶ. 감사의 글 .......................................................................... 120