성덕대왕신종의 시문 방법에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Divine Bell of Great King Seongdeok (Seongdeokdaewang Sinjong) is a representative masterpiece embodying the essence of 8th-century Silla metal craftsmanship. It holds significant art-historical value as the only extant Silla bell confirmed to have been commissioned by the royal court. Previous research on its manufacture has predominantly focused on general casting techniques, such as the lost-wax method and the sand-mold method, or has been confined to assessing the aesthetic value and stylistic features of its patterns. Consequently, the pattern application process, which serves as a crucial clue to understanding its manufacturing technique, has been overlooked. To address this limitation, this thesis aims to reconstruct the pattern application methods and process through the observational analysis of the patterns remaining on the bell's body and, furthermore, to re-confirm the actual manufacturing technique of the Divine Bell of Great King Seongdeok.
The research revealed that the repeated patterns on the bell exhibit a high degree of consistency, extending even to the precise morphological congruence of microscopic sub-patterns. This suggests that each pattern was applied in a phased and sequential manner, which would be challenging to explain without assuming the existence and systematic operation of standardized pattern molds. Furthermore, evidence was found that artisans employed irregular means—such as partial assembly of molds to conform to the curved surface, borrowing patterns to fill gaps, and stamping patterns after 180-degree rotation— to enhance the final decorative completeness.
The confirmation of these various pattern structures not only reconstructs the application system but also presents a major argument for re-examining the bell's manufacturing method. Coupled with the absence of key indicators of the lost-wax method and the presence of continuous intervention and correction phenomena between pattern elements, this study strongly reinforces the possibility that the bell was fabricated using a highly refined and developed sand-mold casting technique. This research holds academic significance by contributing to the empirical understanding of the Unified Silla Royal Bell casting system and technological level through a microscopic approach to the pattern application methods.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말 ·············································································································· 1
• Ⅱ. 성덕대왕신종에 관한 선행 연구 ································································ 9
• 1. 고려, 조선 및 일제강점기 ········································································· 9
• 2. 광복 이후 ···································································································· 11
• Ⅲ. 성덕대왕신종의 제작 배경과 연혁 ·························································· 16
• Ⅳ. 성덕대왕신종의 시문 방법 ········································································ 31
• 1. 문양대(文樣帶) ···························································································· 32
• 1) 하대(下帶) ································································································33
• 2) 연곽 및 연뢰(蓮廓, 蓮雷) ·····································································36
• 3) 상대(上帶) ································································································45
• 2. 종신 부조(鍾身 浮彫) ················································································ 48
• 1) 비천상(飛天像) ························································································49
• 2) 당좌(撞座) ································································································61
• Ⅴ. 성덕대왕신종의 시문 특징 ········································································ 63
• 1. 범종의 제작 방법에 따른 시문의 특징 ················································ 64
• 1) 밀랍주조법(蜜蠟鑄造法) ········································································64
• 2) 사형주조법(砂型鑄造法) ········································································69
• 2. 성덕대왕신종 시문 방법의 특징 ···························································· 73
• Ⅵ. 맺음말 ············································································································ 76
• 【참 고 문 헌】 ································································································· 81
• 【표 목 록】 ······································································································· 86
• 【삽 도 목 록】 ································································································· 86
• 【도 판 목 록】 ································································································· 87
• 【도 판】 ············································································································· 90
• 【A B S T R A C T】 ······························································································111