Next-generation transparent electronic devices require both high visible-light transmittance and electrical reliability for long-term, repetitive operation. In display thin film transistors (TFTs) based on metal oxide thin films, the stack configurati...
Next-generation transparent electronic devices require both high visible-light transmittance and electrical reliability for long-term, repetitive operation. In display thin film transistors (TFTs) based on metal oxide thin films, the stack configuration comprising an oxide semiconductor channel, a high-k gate dielectric, and a transparent electrode offers process compatibility and optical transparency. However, oxygen defects in the thin films simultaneously limit TFTs performance and reliability. These defects act as donor-like states that modulate electron density and band bending, increasing carrier transport, while defect levels within the bandgap operate as trap states that degrade switching behavior and induce threshold voltage (Vth) instability and leakage under bias and environmental stresses. Accordingly, this study focuses on reproducible, process driven control of defect type, density, spatial distribution, and electrical activation through thin film process design rather than complete defect elimination.
Oxygen defects were engineered using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) with oxidant selection, oxidation-step design, and process strategies combining in-situ oxidation and thermal treatment. Water and ozone provide complementary advantages in growth reactivity and oxidizing strength, Nevertheless, single-oxidant processing does not simultaneously optimize oxygen defects and impurity incorporation. In ALD ZnO, dual-step oxidation ALD suppresses oxygen vacancies (OV) while mitigating carbon-related trap formation, resulting in concurrent improvements in electrical performance and reliability relative to single-step oxidation ALD. In ALD HfO₂, in-situ ozone treatment combined with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) reduces OV driven leakage and charge trapping at moderate annealing temperatures, whereas increased annealing temperatures at ≥600 °C promote crystallization driven roughness and grain boundary pathways that increase leakage current. Finally, the ZnO/HfO₂ thin film stack exhibits an optical transmittance of ~80%, and integrated ZnO/HfO₂ TFTs demonstrate enhanced electrostatic gate control for low voltage operation and improved bias stress reliability through OV suppression near the channel/dielectric interface and retention of an amorphous dielectric structure. This process strategy is expected to contribute to the design of metal oxide TFTs configurations by providing a defect engineering approach that enables the simultanous optimization of electrical performance and long-term reliability in transparent electronic devices.