This study examines the process of relocating Sureung (綏陵) as both an effort to enhance royal prestige under the leadership of powerful aristocratic clans and a political and ritual practice through which the symbolic foundations of royal authorit...
This study examines the process of relocating Sureung (綏陵) as both an effort to enhance royal prestige under the leadership of powerful aristocratic clans and a political and ritual practice through which the symbolic foundations of royal authority were reconstituted during the monarch’s transition to direct rule. By doing so, it seeks to clarify the historical purposes and significance of the relocation of Sureung. An analysis of King Ikjong’s status within the political conditions of aristocratic dominance and regency reveals that, although Ikjong was consistently emphasized from his birth through the posthumous period, previous scholarship has not sufficiently provided a comprehensive explanation of the background, progression, and consequences of the relocation of Sureung.
To address this limitation, this study reinterprets the relocation of Sureung as a practical ritual enacted in response to political crises and the reconfiguration of dynastic legitimacy, through a cross-analysis of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (Joseon Wangjo Sillok), the Diary of the Royal Secretariat (Seungjeongwon Ilgi), the Records of the Border Defense Council (Bibyeonsa Deungnok), judicial case records (Tuan mit Gugan), and royal protocols (uigwe).
A comparative analysis of the first relocation under King Heonjong and the second relocation under King Cheoljong reveals clear contrasts in political context and ritual emphasis. The first relocation, carried out during Heonjong’s reign, was initiated against the backdrop of a series of political crises—including the Gihae Persecution, the Yun Sang-do case, and the death of Queen Hyohyeon—and was modeled on precedents established during King Jeongjo’s reign. It was characterized by formal expansions such as the installation of stone balustrades and military guardian statues, as well as the unprecedented establishment of dual temporary burial halls, which served to elevate Ikjong’s posthumous status.
By contrast, the second relocation under Cheoljong’s reign was implemented amid intensifying instability in royal legitimacy, exemplified by the Sinhae ancestral ritual controversy, the Yi Myeong-seop affair, and the successive deaths of royal offspring born to concubines. This relocation was marked by the inheritance of relocation precedents from the reigns of King Yeongjo through King Heonjong, alongside the reorganization of architectural facilities within the tomb complex.
Through this analysis, this thesis demonstrates that the relocation of Sureung was not merely a geomantic adjustment, but rather a political and ritual practice carried out under aristocratic protection to reinforce dynastic succession and royal legitimacy. Nevertheless, this study remains limited in its focus on Sureung alone and lacks sufficient comparative analysis with contemporaneous cases such as Geonreung, Inreung, and Hwigungwon. Accordingly, future research should more broadly examine the overall patterns of tomb relocation in the nineteenth century, the system of royal tomb construction during King Gojong’s reign, and the evolving political significance of dynastic succession.