For a long time, research on the history of the Catholic Church in Korea has primarily focused on the lives of martyrs and the circumstances of religious persecution. Such studies have produced substantial scholarly results, particularly through the d...
For a long time, research on the history of the Catholic Church in Korea has primarily focused on the lives of martyrs and the circumstances of religious persecution. Such studies have produced substantial scholarly results, particularly through the discovery of historical sources in Korea and abroad and through detailed reconstructions of individual martyrs’ lives and faith. By contrast, comparatively little attention has been given to how Korean lay Catholics practiced their faith in daily life after the opening of the doors. Alongside research on martyrdom, there is a clear need for studies examining the religious lives and everyday practices of ordinary believers.
Missionary priests active in late Joseon Korea regarded the production and dissemination of religious texts as an essential pastoral task, alongside their itinerant visits to Catholic communities. After the legalization of religious freedom following the opening of the ports, numerous texts were translated and authored, and the introduction of modern letterpress printing facilitated the expansion of Catholic publishing. These developments enabled Korean Catholics to participate in a wider range of religious practices centered on the Mass and the liturgy, within which devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary held a central place. As a defining feature that distinguishes Catholicism from Protestant Christianity in Korea, Marian devotion and the texts supporting it constitute an important subject for scholarly inquiry.
This study examines Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol (The Month of Mary), a devotional book compiled specifically for the practice of Marian devotion during May, which became firmly established in modern Korean Catholic history. The text was intended to guide believers toward a proper Christian life through daily meditation, prayer, and concrete devotional practices in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In Korea, Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol was first published in 1887 as a movable-type edition entirely written in Hangul (Korean). It was subsequently reprinted throughout the period of opening and the Japanese colonial era, achieving wide circulation among Korean Catholics. Revised editions continue to be published and read today.
A survey of modern Korean Catholic publications indicates that, apart from Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol, few texts directly address the concrete practice of Marian devotion. For this reason, the text is a key source for understanding how Marian devotion was practiced by Korean Catholics in the modern period. Despite its significance, Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol has not previously been the subject of a focused, in-depth study. This study therefore aims to address this gap and clarify the historical and religious significance of the text within Korean Catholic history.
Chapter II examines the historical background of the first publication of Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol in 1887, situating it within the broader development of Marian devotion and Catholic publishing in Korea. This chapter demonstrates that the publication of Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol resulted from the convergence of Marian devotional practice and the Korean-language Catholic publishing initiatives promoted by missionaries in the Apostolic Vicariate of Korea. Chapter III analyzes the extant Hangul movable-type editions, reviewing the first edition’s production and translator, and provides a comparative bibliographical survey of ten editions published between 1887 and 1940. The editions under review are from 1887, 1891, 1899, 1902, 1906, 1910, 1914, 1922, 1934, and 1940. The analysis focuses on the first edition while distinguishing characteristics of editions from the period of opening and the Japanese colonial era are also identified.
Chapter IV investigates the textual sources of Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol, identifying the Chinese work 聖母聖月 as its base text. This text was written by Jesuit missionary Benjamin Brueyre (李秀芳, 1810–1880) and approved by Bishop Joseph Martial Mouly (孟振生, 1807–1868), and first published as a woodblock edition in 1859. The composition of the 1859 Chinese edition is analyzed and compared with the Korean Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol, establishing the textual relationship between the two.
Chapter V examines the structure and content of Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol, which provides daily meditations and prayers over a thirty-two-day period through out the whole month of May, organized according to the sequence of Marian titles, and includes meditation summaries, moral guidance, prayers, and accounts of Marian deeds.
Chapter VI examines how Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol was understood and used in the practice of the Month of Mary during the modern period, and considers its significance within Korean Catholic history. Compiled for the first time in Joseon specifically for the practice of the Month of Mary, Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol was used throughout the modern period and continues to be used today. This chapter demonstrates that Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol is significant for the religious life and faith of believers, for the history of Korean Catholicism, and for the study of religion.
Through this comprehensive examination of devotional literature, this study confirms that Seong-Mo-Seong-Wol played a formative role in shaping the practice of Marian devotion among modern Korean Catholics. Consequently, it sheds light on a previously underexplored aspect of Korean Catholic religiosity, namely the patterns and expressions of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the modern period. For Korean believers, Mary was received as a profoundly significant object of faith, comparable in importance to God, and her status within religious life was considerable. By establishing a foundation for the study of Marian devotion within Korean Catholic history, this research opens the way for further investigations into various dimensions of Catholic practice and belief in Korea.