This study originated from the recognition that, although SignWriting is widely known internationally, Deaf communities in Korea have not actively adopted or utilized it. Accordingly, the study sought to explore a new handshape-based writing system su...
This study originated from the recognition that, although SignWriting is widely known internationally, Deaf communities in Korea have not actively adopted or utilized it. Accordingly, the study sought to explore a new handshape-based writing system suitable for the linguistic characteristics of Korean Sign Language (KSL). The researcher has repeatedly revised and refined a notation system focusing on handshape, hand orientation, location, and movement elements of KSL, ultimately devising a Korean-style sign writing system named ‘Hunminsuja(訓民手字)’. Throughout the research process, experimental methods using PowerPoint software were employed to combine and test individual symbols, continuously evaluating their functional clarity and visual legibility.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural limitations and notational issues of the existing SignWriting system and, based on this analysis, to propose creative yet practical principles for devising a new Korean Sign Language writing system. To this end, the study developed detailed notations for handshape and hand orientation, three-dimensional orientation markers, distinctions between dominant and non-dominant hands, symmetrical representations of two-handed signs across left–right, up–down, and front–back axes, direction-based spatial location markers, and symbols representing internal hand movements.
The research methodology focused on the visual perspective of the observer, analyzing perceptual differences between dominant and non-dominant hands and reconstructing the fundamental structure of handshape symbols accordingly. Difficulties in distinguishing finger directions in early prototypes were resolved by creating a “boat-shaped” handshape that combines a square and a semicircle. To address ambiguities in hand orientation classifications found in signs such as today, study, and busy, new symbols distinguishing fingertips, joints, and directional angles were introduced. Additionally, symbols depicting internal joint movements were developed. In the representation of signing space and movement paths, the study established a system that clearly marks starting and ending points by combining internal, central, and external spatial positions with refined path and internal movement indicators.
The findings of the study demonstrate that handshape, hand orientation, spatial location, and finger-internal movement elements—previously expressed ambiguously in the existing SignWriting system—were systematically distinguished, resulting in a more intuitive and consistent notation framework. In addition, the study established a foundation for expanding the complex movement representations required in classifier predicates and productive signs, while also identifying the need for future systematic refinement of movement inventories and further development in the domain of non-manual markers. The notation principles and structural framework proposed for ‘Hunminsuja’ hold significance in that they provide a foundational and practical model that can be applied to research on the orthography of Korean Sign Language and the development of sign language educational materials.