As the demand for high-performance computing and large-scale data processing continues to grow, 2.5D and 3D packaging technologies are rapidly expanding, elevating the thermo-mechanical stability of interposers as a key factor in overall system reliab...
As the demand for high-performance computing and large-scale data processing continues to grow, 2.5D and 3D packaging technologies are rapidly expanding, elevating the thermo-mechanical stability of interposers as a key factor in overall system reliability. While silicon-based interposers have been widely adopted, their manufacturing cost and limited scalability for large-area applications have led to increasing interest in glass interposers as an alternative. Glass offers advantages such as low dielectric constant, excellent insulation properties, and strong compatibility with panel-level processing, making it a promising material for next-generation High Performance Computing (HPC) and AI packages. However, due to the brittle nature of glass, cracking and micro-damage can easily occur during the formation of Through-Glass Via (TGV). In addition, thermal expansion mismatches with dissimilar materials such as copper and glass can induce interfacial stress, warpage, and residual stress accumulation under repeated thermal cycling. These issues may lead to package deformation, stress concentration around the vias, and degradation of signal integrity, making it essential to evaluate the thermo-mechanical behavior of glass interposers.
In this study, the thermo-mechanical behavior of a glass interposer was analyzed, and the effects of design variations on deformation and stress distribution were examined through measurement-based model validation and finite element analysis. The simulation framework began with experimental verification using measured warpage data to confirm the reliability of the analysis model. Subsequently, variations in substrate thickness and interposer size were evaluated to compare overall warpage behavior, and changes in the TGV aspect ratio were applied to predict local stress after thermal cycling within the interposer. Through this approach, the influence of substrate thickness, interposer size, and TGV geometry on deformation and stress distribution in glass interposers was identified.