인간의 자유에 대한 성서 신학적 고찰 : 갈라 5,1-25을 중심으로 = A biblical-theological study on human freedom - according to Gal 5,1-25 -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of human freedom from a biblical-theological perspective, focusing on Galatians 5:1–25. The study seeks to demonstrate that freedom carries an active meaning: it enhances relationships with others and builds community through the practice of love. To this end, the analysis distinguishes between two dimensions found in Paul’s treatment of the Law—its superficial meaning and its original meaning—and considers how freedom is realized not merely as an autonomous state but in relation to others.
Methodologically, the study begins with an exegetical analysis of the text (Gal 5:1–25), exploring the interrelations among freedom and the Law, flesh and Spirit, love and community. Through this, it clarifies the significance of Paul’s theological language (Law, Freedom, Love) and argumentation, while also evaluating its relevance for comparison with modern conceptions of freedom.
The findings reveal that the freedom Paul speaks of does not equate to self-indulgence or independent autonomy. Rather, it is bound to the exhortation to “serve one another through love” (5:13), thereby emerging as a relational value exercised within human relationships. When freedom is lived out in right relationship with others, it fulfills both the original intent of the Law and the will of Christ, with love (agapē) as its ultimate completion. Paul’s understanding of freedom thus emerges not as a purely individualistic or libertine state, but as the practice of love directed toward others.
The significance of this study lies in its reinterpretation of human freedom not merely as a reduction to individual rights, but as a relational reality in Christ. By highlighting the relational character of freedom presented in Scripture, the dissertation offers a theological reflection on contemporary understandings of freedom.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract iii
• 들어가는 말 1
• I. 갈라 5,1-25에 대한 주석 3
• 1.1. 갈라티아서에서 본문의 위치 3
• 1.2. 본문(갈라 5,1-25)의 세부 구조 5
• 1.3. 본문 주석 7
• 1.3.1 율법으로부터의 자유(갈라 5,1-6) 8
• 1.3.1.1. 종살이로써의 율법 준수 8
• 1.3.1.2. 율법과 할례의 문제 10
• 1.3.1.3. 사랑을 통하여 작동하는 믿음 11
• 1.3.2 율법주의(legalism)로부터의 자유(갈라 5,7-12) 12
• 1.3.3. 타자와의 올바른 관계를 위한 자유(갈라 5,13-15) 14
• 1.3.4. 사랑의 공동체를 실현하는 성령(갈라 5,16-25) 15
• II. 율법과 자유에 대한 바오로의 이해 19
• 2.1. 바오로의 율법 이해 19
• 2.1.1. 피상적 의미의 율법 20
• 2.1.1.1. 율법에 따른 행위 20
• 2.1.1.2. 유다인들의 사회적 규범 21
• 2.1.2. 본래적 의미의 율법 23
• 2.1.2.1. 하느님 사랑의 결과 24
• 2.1.2.2. 하느님과의 올바른 관계 25
• 2.1.2.3. 믿음의 법 27
• 2.1.2.4. 가치와 진정성 29
• 2.2. 바오로의 자유 이해 29
• 2.2.1. 구약의 자유 30
• 2.2.2. 신약의 자유 33
• 2.2.3. 바오로의 자유 35
• 2.3. 율법과 자유의 관계 37
• 2.3.1. 이념적 배타성으로부터의 해방 37
• 2.3.2. 율법과 자유가 갖는 관계지향성 38
• 2.3.3. 종합 40
• III. 바오로의 자유와 사랑의 관계 41
• 3.1. 타자 지향의 완성인 사랑 42
• 3.2. 사랑을 실현하는 자유 43
• 3.3. 자유로 성취되는 그리스도인의 사랑 45
• 나가는 말 47
• 참 고 문 헌 49