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    음성장애 선별을 위한 한국어판 성문기능지수(K-GFI)의 진단적 유용성 평가 = Diagnostic Utility of the Korean Version of the Glottal Function Index (K-GFI) for Screening Voice Disorders

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17362712

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    Voice disorders are prevalent in the general population and can significantly affect social participation, occupational performance, and quality of life. Early screening of voice disorders is an important clinical task that requires a multidimensional approach, including auditory-perceptual, acoustic, and self-report assessments. However, self-report instruments commonly used in Korea often contain numerous items and primarily assess overall quality of life, limiting their usefulness as screening tools. The Glottal Function Index (GFI) is a brief four-item self-report measure developed to assess symptoms of glottal dysfunction, and studies in multiple languages have demonstrated its effectiveness in distinguishing the presence and severity of voice disorders. However, to date, no Korean version of the GFI has been developed or validated.
    Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Korean version of the Glottal Function Index (K-GFI) and to evaluate its reliability, validity, and screening accuracy for voice disorders in both vocally healthy adults and patients with voice disorders who speak Korean.
    A total of 100 adults participated in the study, including 50 vocally healthy controls and 50 adults diagnosed with voice disorders by otolaryngologists. The K-GFI items were translated into Korean and refined through expert evaluation of content validity.
    Participants completed the Korean versions of the Glottal Function Index (K-GFI) and the Korean Voice Handicap Index-10 (K-VHI-10), as well as a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Auditory-perceptual evaluation was performed using the GRBAS scale, and acoustic measurements—including maximum phonation time (MPT), fundamental frequency (F0), speaking fundamental frequency (SFF), jitter (%), shimmer (%), noise-to-harmonics ratio (NHR), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), low/high spectral ratio (L/H ratio), and Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID)—were obtained. Statistical analyses comprised independent t-tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis.
    The results indicated that the voice-disordered group exhibited significantly higher K-GFI total and item scores on the K-GFI compared with the healthy control group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated excellent discriminative accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of .996.
    The optimal cutoff score was 2.5, yielding a sensitivity of .94 and a specificity of 1.00. Furthermore, K-GFI total scores were significantly positively correlated with subjective voice measures and auditory-perceptual severity. Significant correlations were also observed with several acoustic parameters reflecting voice quality and phonatory instability, whereas pitch-related measures showed limited associations.
    Overall, these findings support the clinical utility of the K-GFI as a concise self-report instrument that effectively captures symptoms associated with glottal dysfunction. Given its brevity and high diagnostic accuracy, the K-GFI may serve as an efficient tool for the early screening of voice disorders in clinical practice.
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    Voice disorders are prevalent in the general population and can significantly affect social participation, occupational performance, and quality of life. Early screening of voice disorders is an important clinical task that requires a multidimensional...

    Voice disorders are prevalent in the general population and can significantly affect social participation, occupational performance, and quality of life. Early screening of voice disorders is an important clinical task that requires a multidimensional approach, including auditory-perceptual, acoustic, and self-report assessments. However, self-report instruments commonly used in Korea often contain numerous items and primarily assess overall quality of life, limiting their usefulness as screening tools. The Glottal Function Index (GFI) is a brief four-item self-report measure developed to assess symptoms of glottal dysfunction, and studies in multiple languages have demonstrated its effectiveness in distinguishing the presence and severity of voice disorders. However, to date, no Korean version of the GFI has been developed or validated.
    Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Korean version of the Glottal Function Index (K-GFI) and to evaluate its reliability, validity, and screening accuracy for voice disorders in both vocally healthy adults and patients with voice disorders who speak Korean.
    A total of 100 adults participated in the study, including 50 vocally healthy controls and 50 adults diagnosed with voice disorders by otolaryngologists. The K-GFI items were translated into Korean and refined through expert evaluation of content validity.
    Participants completed the Korean versions of the Glottal Function Index (K-GFI) and the Korean Voice Handicap Index-10 (K-VHI-10), as well as a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Auditory-perceptual evaluation was performed using the GRBAS scale, and acoustic measurements—including maximum phonation time (MPT), fundamental frequency (F0), speaking fundamental frequency (SFF), jitter (%), shimmer (%), noise-to-harmonics ratio (NHR), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), low/high spectral ratio (L/H ratio), and Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID)—were obtained. Statistical analyses comprised independent t-tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis.
    The results indicated that the voice-disordered group exhibited significantly higher K-GFI total and item scores on the K-GFI compared with the healthy control group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated excellent discriminative accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of .996.
    The optimal cutoff score was 2.5, yielding a sensitivity of .94 and a specificity of 1.00. Furthermore, K-GFI total scores were significantly positively correlated with subjective voice measures and auditory-perceptual severity. Significant correlations were also observed with several acoustic parameters reflecting voice quality and phonatory instability, whereas pitch-related measures showed limited associations.
    Overall, these findings support the clinical utility of the K-GFI as a concise self-report instrument that effectively captures symptoms associated with glottal dysfunction. Given its brevity and high diagnostic accuracy, the K-GFI may serve as an efficient tool for the early screening of voice disorders in clinical practice.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • Ⅰ. 서론 1
    • 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 2. 연구 문제 4
    • Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 5
    • 1. 음성장애와 성문 기능 5
    • Ⅰ. 서론 1
    • 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 2. 연구 문제 4
    • Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 5
    • 1. 음성장애와 성문 기능 5
    • 가. 음성의 개념과 임상적 의미 5
    • 나. 음성장애의 정의 및 분류 6
    • 다. 발성 기전과 성문 기능 7
    • 라. 성문 기능 이상과 음성장애 증상 9
    • 2. 다차원적 음성평가 10
    • 가. 다차원적 음성평가의 필요성 10
    • 나. 청지각적 평가 11
    • 다. 음향학적 평가 12
    • 라. 자기보고식 평가 15
    • 3. 성문기능지수와 한국어판 성문기능지수의 이론적 근거 17
    • 가. 성문기능지수의 개발 배경과 개념 17
    • 나. 성문기능지수 관련 국외 연구 동향 18
    • 다. 국내 음성 자기보고식 평가도구 연구 동향 19
    • 라. 검사 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도 20
    • 마. 선별검사 도구의 진단정확도 22
    • Ⅲ. 연구 방법 24
    • 1. 연구 대상 24
    • 2. 연구 도구 및 평가 방법 26
    • 가. 청지각적 평가 26
    • 나. 음향학적 평가 26
    • 다. 공기역학적 검사 27
    • 라. 자기보고식 평가 27
    • 1) 한국어판 음성장애지수 단축형 27
    • 2) 시각적 아날로그 척도 28
    • 3) 한국어판 성문기능지수 28
    • 3. 연구 설계 및 절차 29
    • 가. 한국어판 성문기능지수 번안 절차 29
    • 나. 문항에 대한 내용타당도 검증 절차 30
    • 다. 문항 신뢰도 검증 절차 30
    • 4. 자료 분석 31
    • 가. 청지각적 평가 분석 31
    • 나. 음향학적 평가 분석 32
    • 다. 공기역학적 검사 분석 32
    • 라. 자기보고식 평가 분석 32
    • 5. 통계 처리 35
    • Ⅳ. 연구 결과 36
    • 1. 한국어판 성문기능지수(K-GFI)의 문항 타당도 및 신뢰도 36
    • 가. K-GFI 문항의 내용타당도 결과 36
    • 나. K-GFI 문항의 신뢰도 분석 결과 36
    • 2. 정상군과 음성장애군 간 K-GFI 점수 비교 37
    • 가. 집단 간 K-GFI 총점 비교 37
    • 나. 집단 간 K-GFI 문항별 점수 비교 38
    • 3. K-GFI의 음성장애 선별 정확도 39
    • 가. K-GFI의 ROC 분석 결과 및 K-GFI 총점의 최적 절단점 39
    • 나. 최적 절단점에 따른 민감도 및 특이도 40
    • 4. K-GFI와 기존 음성평가 지표 간의 상관관계 40
    • 가. K-GFI와 주관적 음성평가 지표 간의 상관관계 40
    • 나. K-GFI와 객관적 음성평가 지표 간의 상관관계 44
    • Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 47
    • 1. 정상군과 음성장애군 간 K-GFI 점수 비교 47
    • 2. K-GFI의 음성장애 선별 정확도 48
    • 3. K-GFI와 기존 음성평가 지표 와의 상관관계 50
    • 4. 연구의 제한점 및 향후 연구 방향 52
    • 참고문헌 55
    • 부록 67
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