Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline across multiple cognitive domains, particularly memory. Accordingly, the importance of early diagnosis and screening has been increasingly emp...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline across multiple cognitive domains, particularly memory. Accordingly, the importance of early diagnosis and screening has been increasingly emphasized. However, commonly used cognitive assessments, as well as neuroimaging- and biofluid-based examinations, have limited utility as large-scale screening tools due to their invasiveness, high cost, and limited accessibility.
Given these considerations, growing attention has been directed toward voice-based digital acoustic measures that are non-invasive and suitable for repeated assessment. The purpose of this study was to examine voice onset and phonatory control in AD by comparing voice onset time (VOT), VOT variability, and voice quality parameters between 15 Korean-speaking individuals with AD and 15 cognitively normal older adults.
The results indicated that the AD group exhibited overall increases in both mean VOT and VOT variability compared with the control group. Phoneme-specific analyses revealed that the individuals with AD demonstrated significantly longer VOTs for bilabial and alveolar stops, whereas no significant stop differences were observed for velar stops.
In addition, VOT variability was significantly increased across most stop consonants in the AD group, suggesting reduced consistency in voice onset timing. In contrast, no significant differences in either mean VOT or VOT variability were observed with respect to AD severity.
Regarding voice quality, the AD group exhibited significant differences from the control group in jitter, shimmer, NHR, CPP, and CSID during sustained vowel phonation, indicating increased acoustic instability.
However, group differences in the connected speech task were limited, demonstrating voice quality measures may vary in a task-dependent manner. No significant differences in voice quality parameters were observed based on AD severity. No significant differences in voice quality parameters were observed across different levels of AD severity.
Taken together, these findings indicate that temporal control during voice onset and acoustic stability during sustained phonation are compromised in AD. Given the characteristics of the Korean phonological system, subtle deficits in voice onset timing may be manifest not as uniform shifts in mean VOT values but rather in increased inter-utterance variability.
This highlights the importance of variability-based measures for assessing voice onset instability. Furthermore, the lack of severity-related differences in VOT and voice quality parameters suggests that instability in voice onset and phonatory control may already be emergy even at early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Overall, the acoustic measures assessed in this study appear to be more sensitive to group-level differences than to distinctions based on disease severity. These findings highlight the potential utility of voice-based digital acoustic measures as non-invasive tools for the early screaning and assessment of Alzheimer’s disease.