Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder characterized by impaired mucosal integrity and disrupted immune homeostasis, leading to structural damage in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic immune dysfunction. Al...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder characterized by impaired mucosal integrity and disrupted immune homeostasis, leading to structural damage in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic immune dysfunction. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of low-intensity resistance exercise (LIRE) have been reported in several studies, evidence regarding the immunomodulatory mechanisms of high-intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) remains limited. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of HIRE on inflammatory responses and molecular, histological, and immunological indices in a DNBS (dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid)-induced acute colitis mouse model.
Twenty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control (CON), DNBS-induced colitis (DNBS), high-intensity resistance exercise (HIRE), and combined high-intensity resistance exercise plus DNBS (HIRE+DNBS). HIRE consisted of a 4-week progressive vertical ladder-climbing protocol with incremental loads (0%, 30%, 50%, and 100% of body weight). Acute colitis was induced via intracolonic administration of DNBS. Disease activity index (DAI), rectal prolapse, colon length, changes in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN), histological alterations, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (iNOS, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-17), and protein levels of HO-1 and HIF-1α were assessed.
The DNBS group exhibited typical acute colitis responses, including elevated DAI, shortened colon length, mucosal destruction, and hypertrophy of the spleen and mLN. Although no significant differences in body weight changes were observed between the DNBS and HIRE+DNBS groups, the HIRE+DNBS group demonstrated significant improvements in disease activity, including reduced DAI and rectal prolapse, preservation of colon length, and attenuation of histological damage (p < 0.05). At the molecular level, DNBS markedly increased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-17, whereas HIRE significantly suppressed their expression. In contrast, TGF-β expression, which was dysregulated following DNBS exposure, showed a trend toward normalization in the HIRE+DNBS group, suggesting restoration of immune regulatory balance. Western blot analysis revealed DNBS-induced elevations in HO-1 and HIF-1α protein expression, with HIRE exerting limited modulation of these pathways under the present experimental conditions. In addition, splenic and mLN hypertrophy was attenuated following HIRE, indicating reduced systemic immune overactivation.
Collectively, these findings indicate that high-intensity resistance exercise exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in DNBS-induced colitis primarily by suppressing pro-inflammatory mediators associated with oxidative stress and Th17-related immune responses, preserving mucosal structural integrity, and stabilizing immune organ activation, rather than through significant alterations in body weight or robust activation of hypoxia-related pathways. Accordingly, HIRE may represent a time-efficient and feasible non-pharmacological intervention with the potential to improve key aspects of inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology. These results provide foundational evidence supporting the incorporation of high-intensity resistance exercise into future strategies for IBD prevention, disease management, and exercise prescription.