This study empirically analyzes the impact of institutionalizing the private investigation industry on consumer protection, with a particular focus on the introduction of a liability insurance mutual aid system. Framed as an ‘empirical study of adva...
This study empirically analyzes the impact of institutionalizing the private investigation industry on consumer protection, with a particular focus on the introduction of a liability insurance mutual aid system. Framed as an ‘empirical study of advanced social regulation models’ the research aims to derive both effectiveness and policy implications.
In Republic of Korea, the private investigation industry was legalized through the 2020 amendment of the Credit Information Act. However, clear standards regarding the scope of work and legal responsibilities remain insufficient, leaving consumers with limited remedies in cases of harm. Accordingly, there is a growing need to strengthen consumer protection mechanisms alongside institutional reforms in the industry.
This study compares domestic and international legal frameworks and consumer redress cases related to private investigation services, and empirically examines how the liability insurance mutual aid system can enhance trust and accountability within the industry. To this end, surveys of domestic private investigators and their consumers were conducted in parallel with in-depth expert interviews, while case studies from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan were analyzed to assess the applicability of similar systems in Korea.
To ensure accuracy and systematic rigor, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 experts, including private investigators(individual practitioners, corporate representatives, and directors), legal professionals (lawyers, patent attorneys, judicial scriveners, and legal journalists), and public officials. These interviews gathered diverse perspectives on how private investigation services could contribute to consumer protection systems and on potential policy measures for preventing and remedying consumer harm. The insights provided by practitioners and experts helped validate both the institutional necessity and practical feasibility of such measures, thereby enhancing the reliability of the study.
In addition, a large-scale survey was conducted with 500 participants, of which 441 valid responses were collected and analyzed. The survey employed both digital questionnaires(via Google Forms) and paper-based formats to encompass a wide range of age groups and occupational categories. This mixed-method approach improved representativeness and allowed for more precise identification of differences across respondent characteristics. Online surveys provided efficiency and accessibility, while paper-based surveys captured more nuanced opinions.
The research period began in January 2024, with the survey conducted over 30 days from September 12 to October 12, 2025. During this time, the research team systematically designed, distributed, collected, and verified survey data. Demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, and education level were considered to examine the potential linkages between private investigation services and consumer protection systems. The overall study was completed on December 1, 2025. This process went beyond simple data collection, providing empirical evidence that strengthened the validity and reliability of the findings.
The results confirm that the liability insurance mutual aid system can serve as a structural mechanism to reinforce ethical responsibility among investigators and enable swift and substantive compensation for consumer harm. Survey data clearly highlighted the social necessity, trustworthiness, professionalism, and legal safeguards required for such a system.
Notably, incorporating the mutual aid system as a prerequisite for industry registration could maintain appropriate entry barriers while simultaneously enhancing consumer trust. Furthermore, policy recommendations suggest that cost burdens should be applied differentially depending on the size of investigative firms.
In conclusion, this study emphasizes that institutionalizing the private investigation industry is directly linked to consumer rights protection, beyond mere industrial development. The introduction of a liability insurance mutual aid system is identified as a key instrument for strengthening the public accountability and responsibility of the industry. The findings are expected to contribute meaningfully to future legislative reforms and policy design related to private investigation services in Korea.