Medical social workers are professionals who perform emotionally demanding tasks, including collaborating with various professional disciplines within hospital organizations, intervening in crisis situations involving patients and their families, and ...
Medical social workers are professionals who perform emotionally demanding tasks, including collaborating with various professional disciplines within hospital organizations, intervening in crisis situations involving patients and their families, and supporting complex decision-making processes. In the course of their work, medical social workers experience high levels of job stress, which may lead to decreased job satisfaction, psychological burnout, and increased turnover intention. To understand job stress more accurately, it is necessary to consider not only the factors that generate stress but also the resources that can buffer its effects. The Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model reflects this perspective and serves as a representative theoretical framework for explaining job stress and job satisfaction through the interaction between job demands and job resources. Recently, personal resources have been highlighted as important psychosocial resources within the JD-R framework, and self-care has been increasingly emphasized in the fields of social work and counseling as a critical personal resource for preventing professional burnout and sustaining long-term practice. Despite its importance, empirical research that integratively examines the relationships among job stress, job satisfaction, and self-care among medical social workers remains very limited.
Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among medical social workers and to examine how self-care is associated with these variables. Through this analysis, the study sought to provide a more comprehensive understanding of medical social workers’ job experiences and to offer practical implications at both the individual and organizational levels for managing job stress and enhancing job satisfaction.
An online survey was conducted with medical social workers nationwide, and a total of 168 responses were included in the final analysis. The measurement instruments included the Korean Occupational Stress Scale–Short Form (KOSS-SF), the Korean version of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (K-MSQ), and the Professional Self-Care Scale (PSCS). Control variables included gender, age, educational attainment, marital status, years of work experience, type of employing institution, department type, job position, and annual income level. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 31.0, employing frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. To test the moderating effect of self-care, variables were mean-centered and interaction terms were entered into the regression models, with stepwise regression procedures used to ensure analytical stability.
The results of the study are as follows. First, the overall level of job stress among medical social workers was moderate, with organizational system, inadequate compensation, and job demands reported as relatively high stress factors. Job satisfaction was found to be above the moderate level, with intrinsic satisfaction higher than extrinsic satisfaction. The level of self-care was relatively high overall, particularly in the areas of professional development and seeking social support. These findings suggest that medical social workers experience structural and emotional stress while striving to maintain balance through professional identity and peer support.
Second, significant differences were found in several sub-dimensions of the main variables according to sociodemographic and job-related characteristics. Job demands increased with age and work experience, whereas job insecurity was higher among early-career workers. Higher levels of education, income, and job position were associated with stronger perceptions of job autonomy, and workers in small hospitals perceived greater job insecurity than those in large hospitals. These findings suggest that job stress among medical social workers may be more strongly influenced by organizational structure and work environment than by individual sociodemographic characteristics. Furthermore, the results indicate that the configuration of job demands and job resources varies according to age, career stage, organizational position, and compensation level.
Third, job stress was found to significantly reduce job satisfaction. In particular, organizational stressors such as dissatisfaction with compensation systems, problems in organizational communication and structure, lack of job autonomy, and interpersonal conflicts were associated with lower job satisfaction. This suggests that job satisfaction among medical social workers is more strongly related to organizational resources and workplace culture than to workload alone.
Fourth, self-care was identified as a factor that directly enhances job satisfaction. Higher levels of self-care were associated with increased sense of meaning in work, greater achievement, and stronger professional identity, which in turn contributed to higher intrinsic job satisfaction. In contrast, the effect of self-care on extrinsic job satisfaction was relatively weak. This finding suggests that self-care contributes more to helping practitioners positively reinterpret their professional roles and maintain psychological stability than to changing perceptions of working conditions or compensation.
Fifth, the moderating effect of self-care on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction was not statistically significant. That is, self-care did not function as a moderator that attenuates the negative impact of job stress on job satisfaction. Nevertheless, self-care demonstrated a significant direct effect on job satisfaction, confirming its role as an important personal resource for sustaining positive job experiences among practitioners.
Overall, the findings indicate that efforts to enhance job satisfaction among medical social workers should move beyond simply reducing workload and instead focus on expanding job resources alongside managing job demands through organizational and institutional approaches. In particular, given that job demands and job resources are structured differently across career stages, strategies for improving work environments and support systems should take these structural differences into account. Although self-care does not directly buffer job stress, it plays a crucial role in maintaining professional competence and psychological balance, highlighting the need for organizational cultures and systems that actively promote self-care. Hospitals should therefore recognize self-care not as an individual, optional activity but as an essential component of professional practice, and systematically implement measures such as guaranteed rest periods, strengthened supervision, self-care education, and emotional support programs.
Finally, this study contributes to the theoretical foundation of research by integratively examining the relationships among job stress, job satisfaction, and self-care among medical social workers, and by offering directions for improvement at the levels of practice, education, and policy. However, given the limitations of the cross-sectional design, restricted sample representativeness, and measurement constraints, future research should employ longitudinal designs, qualitative approaches, and comparative analyses across diverse institutional settings to achieve a more in-depth understanding.
Keywords: Medical Social Workers, Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Self-Care, Job Demands–Resources Model