Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are clinically validated across diverse diseases; however, their performance can diminish under physicochemical stress during storage and administration. To address this limitation, this thesis examines polymer...
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are clinically validated across diverse diseases; however, their performance can diminish under physicochemical stress during storage and administration. To address this limitation, this thesis examines polymer conjugation as a strategy to enhance both structural stability and biological functionality of mAbs, focusing on two clinically established polymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poloxamer (PX). In Chapter 2, the study focused on adalimumab (ADA), a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) neutralizing antibody widely used for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. ADA was conjugated with PEG or PX and systematically evaluated through structural integrity and stability assessments, binding kinetics, and biological assays. Among the evaluated parameters, polymer conjugation markedly enhanced resistance to thermal, denaturant, proteolytic, and biological fluid stresses, thereby improving overall stability and durability. The ADA– PX conjugate exhibited superior structural stability and physicochemical XVIII resilience while maintaining antigen-binding integrity. In contrast, the ADA–PEG conjugate achieved comparable stabilization but showed a modest decline in binding affinity. In vivo studies further demonstrated that both polymer conjugates prolonged therapeutic efficacy compared with the native antibody, with the PX conjugate producing a more sustained suppression of joint inflammation and tissue damage in the rheumatoid arthritis model. Chapter 3 expanded the application of PX conjugation as a platform across antibodies with distinct therapeutic mechanisms, including bevacizumab (BEV, anti-VEGF), cetuximab (CET, anti-EGFR), and atezolizumab (ATZ, anti-PD-L1). Each PX conjugate maintained native structural integrity while improving resistance to environmental stresses (e.g., vitreous humor or human plasma incubation) and enhanced antibody-specific functional outcomes: BEV–PX effectively inhibited endothelial migration, CET–PX promoted EGFR-dependent cell-cycle arrest, and ATZ–PX enhanced T-cell activation in tumor cell and immune cell co-culture system. Collectively, the results suggest that polymer conjugation may consistently improve structural stability across diverse antibodies, while PX could provide more effective functional retention than PEG, potentially influenced by factors such as epitope topology, site accessibility, and interfacial behavior. Overall, this thesis positions PX conjugation as a practical and versatile platform that enhances antibody performance without compromising structural integrity, complementing PEGylation in stability enhancement and achieving superior functional retention across multiple therapeutic applications. These findings support the further development of antibody–poloxamer conjugates as Biobetter candidates and provide a rationale for future quantitative binding analysis, and in vivo pharmacological studies to optimize antibody-poloxamer conjugation for next generation biologics.