This study aimed to examine the effects of a mindfulness intervention on Burnout and athletic Performance among rhythmic gymnasts, with particular attention to the mediating role of Mental Toughness. As a competitive sport, rhythmic gymnastics demands...
This study aimed to examine the effects of a mindfulness intervention on Burnout and athletic Performance among rhythmic gymnasts, with particular attention to the mediating role of Mental Toughness. As a competitive sport, rhythmic gymnastics demands not only high levels of technical execution and Physical fitness but also exceptional concentration, emotional regulation, and psychological endurance. Long-term high-intensity training and frequent competitions make athletes prone to Burnout, which can impair training quality and Performance. Therefore, exploring scientifically grounded and effective psychological interventions is of both theoretical and practical significance.
Regarding the research design, this study employed a combination of questionnaires and behavioral experiments. Study 1 used a cross-sectional survey to examine the relationships among mindfulness, Mental Toughness, and Burnout, as well as to analyze differences across athletes of varying ages, competitive levels, and years of training. Results indicated that mindfulness was significantly negatively correlated with Burnout and positively correlated with Mental Toughness. Mental Toughness was significantly negatively correlated with Burnout and its subdimensions. Further structural equation modeling revealed that Mental Toughness partially mediated the effect of mindfulness on Burnout.
Study 2 utilized a randomized controlled experimental design, recruiting 50 rhythmic gymnasts with Burnout scores of 3.3 or above, and assigning them to an experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in an eight-week mindfulness training program, with one session per week, while the control group maintained routine training. Evaluations using validated scales and Performance assessments indicated that the mindfulness intervention significantly reduced athletes’ Burnout, improved Mental Toughness, and positively affected the quality of full routine execution. Additional analysis confirmed that Mental Toughness partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness intervention and Burnout.
The findings highlight the multifaceted value of mindfulness interventions in competitive sports. On one hand, mindfulness training can directly alleviate Burnout and enhance Mental Toughness by promoting emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility, thereby increasing athletes’ adaptive capacity to training and competition pressures. On the other hand, Mental Toughness as a mediating variable provides a new theoretical perspective for understanding the mechanisms through which mindfulness affects mental health and athletic Performance. Specifically, mindfulness not only directly improves psychological states but also indirectly reduces the accumulation of Burnout by enhancing athletes’ sense of confidence, perseverance, and self-regulation, ultimately optimizing Performance.
From a theoretical standpoint, this study extends research in sport psychology by empirically investigating the relationships among mindfulness, Mental Toughness, and Burnout, particularly in rhythmic gymnastics, a discipline that integrates technical precision with artistic expression. Moreover, the study validates the applicability of the Mental Toughness mediation model and enriches the theoretical framework of psychological mechanisms. practically, the results provide a scientifically sound and feasible psychological regulation strategy for rhythmic gymnasts. Coaches and sport psychology practitioners are encouraged to integrate mindfulness training into daily practice and Pre-Competition preparation to alleviate Burnout, enhance Mental Toughness, and improve Performance. Furthermore, the implications of this study may be extended to other high-intensity, high-pressure sports, offering theoretical and practical guidance for maintaining athletes’ psychological well-being and optimizing Performance.