2006년 멕시코 민중운동의 정치·사회적 영향 : 오아하카 APPO를 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the development and the socio-political context of the Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca (APPO: Asamblea Popular de los Pueblos de Oaxaca), which emerged in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2006. Since the Spanish colonial period, southern Mexico, including Oaxaca, has been politically and economically marginalized. Following neoliberal reforms, this exclusion has exacerbated socio-economic inequalities, serving as a structural foundation for the long-term accumulation of social grievances.
While the federal transition of power in 2000 brought political changes, its impact did not sufficiently extend to the local level. As federal control weakened, the autonomy of local governors expanded, leading to intensified authoritarian rule and state violence in Oaxaca. Coupled with the political turmoil surrounding the 2006 presidential election, delayed federal intervention created a "political space" that allowed accumulated discontent to transform into collective action.
Against this political backdrop, APPO was formed based on the experience of "politics from below" and solidarity accumulated through the
1990s Zapatista (EZLN) uprising, the "500 Years of Resistance" discourse, and La Otra Campaña (The Other Campaign). In particular, the solidarity experienced in response to the state violence in Atenco in May 2006 served as a catalyst for social movement actors in Oaxaca to share
existing grievances and accelerate mobilization. This provided the groundwork for the rapid formation of APPO a month later.
Originating from the teachers' union, APPO evolved into a horizontal coalition comprising indigenous communities, the urban poor, and civil
society organizations, adopting assembly-based management, autonomy, and direct democracy as its core principles. Strategies such as the occupation of radio and television stations, the construction of barricades, mass marches, and international solidarity were crucial for the expansion and sustenance of the movement. Although the movement was physically suppressed by federal police intervention in November—just before the presidential inauguration—the political imagination and practices forged during this process have left a lasting impact on Oaxaca’s political landscape and subsequent Mexican social movements.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 1
• II. 2006년 멕시코의 정치·사회적 배경 11
• 1. 신자유주의 재편과 제도혁명당 권위주의의 균열 11
• 2. 연방 민주화와 지방 권위주의의 비대칭성 16
• III. 2006년 오아하카 민중운동의 형성과 전개 22
• 1. 교사 노조의 저항과 정부의 강경 대응 25
• 2. 민중운동으로의 확산과 APPO의 형성 28
• 3. APPO의 내부 갈등과 연방정부의 진압 36
• IV. 2006년 APPO 운동의 성격 46
• 1. APPO의 이념과 목표 46
• 2. APPO의 조직과 구성 55
• 3. APPO의 전략 60
• V. 운동의 균열 요인과 이후의 변화 72
• 1. 내부요인: 조직 내부 분열 72
• 2. 외부요인: 대선결과와 국가 폭력의 강화 77
• 3. 민중운동 이후 오아하카 정치적 지형 변화 79
• VI. 결론 83
• 참고문헌 89
• Abstract 96