A Study on the Application of Cognitive Apprenticeship (CA) Model in a University Product Design Course

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

University product design programs focus on teaching learners to generate their own ideas, thereby enhancing their competitiveness. Therefore, it is essential to improve the traditional "lecture-based" classroom approach in product design education and enhance learners' initiative and engagement. The purpose of this study is to apply the Cognitive Apprenticeship model to product design courses in Chinese universities and assess its effectiveness in order to reform the teaching of university product design programs. To achieve this, the study first developed a framework for the product design course through literature review and expert interviews. Second, to assess the effectiveness of the CA model-based product design course, 61 students majoring in product design at a Chinese university were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with the developed course applied to the experimental group. Both groups underwent pre-test and post-test surveys regarding creativity and learning interest. The collected data were used to analyze the effectiveness of the CA model-based product design course. The results of this study can be divided into two main aspects. The first aspect of the results is that the developed product design course is based on the CA model by Collins et al. (1991a), and is structured according to the four dimensions of Content, Method, Sequencing, and Sociology, along with their 17 components. Additionally, past case studies applying the CA model were reviewed, and the course was divided into three phases: beginning, middle, and end. The resulting CA course theoretical framework was validated by experts and was ultimately confirmed for use in university-level product design courses. The second aspect of the results is that the study indicates that product design courses using the CA model can effectively enhance university students' creativity and learning interest. In the pre-test, there were no significant differences in creativity and learning interest between the two groups of students. However, in the post-test, the results showed that students in the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in both creativity and learning interest compared to those in the control group. These findings confirm the applicability of the CA model in product design courses and provide more learning options for students in the product design field. Additionally, in interviews with students, many explained that they felt more motivated to learn in product design courses based on the CA model. They found the practical activities to be flexible and engaging, and reported a stronger sense of learning autonomy. They recommend that the institution continue to offer public courses. Key words: Cognitive apprenticeship（CA）model, Product design course, Creativity, Learning interest

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstractⅱ
• Ⅰ. Introduction 1
• 1. Research Background and Necessity 1
• 2. Research Purpose and Questions 4
• Ⅱ. Theoretical Background 5
• 1. Product Design Major in University 5
• 1) Concept and Characteristics of Product Design 5
• 2) Current Status of Product Design Education 6
• 2. Cognitive Apprenticeship Model 9
• 1) Concept of CA Model 9
• 2) Characteristics of CA Model 11
• 3) Relevant Theories 19
• 4) Framework of CA Model 25
• 3. Application Cases of CA Model in University 35
• 1) Case 1: University English Reading Course 35
• 2) Case 2: Automotive Electrical System Testing and Repair Course 39
• 4. Framework of CA Model for Product Design Major 44
• 1) Course Framework Based on the CA Model 44
• 2) Dimensional Positioning of CA-Based Curriculum 45
• 3) CA Model-Based Product Design Course Teaching Framework 48
• Ⅲ. Methods 52
• 1. Experimental Framework 52
• 2. Research Participants 53
• 3. Research Procedures 54
• 4. Research Tools 60
• 1) Creativity Questionnaire 60
• 2) Interest Questionnaire 61
• 3) Interviews 62
• 5. Data Analysis 64
• IV. Results 65
• 1. Development of a CA Model-based Product Design Course 65
• 1) Framework of CA Model from Literature Review 65
• 2) Expert Interviews on the Draft Course Structure 69
• 3) Improved Structure of the Course 72
• 4) Implementation Plan of the Course 73
• 2. Application of CA Model-based Product Design Course 80
• 1) Creativity 80
• 2) Learning Interest 83
• 3) Student Interviews 85
• V. Conclusion 89
• 1. Summary of Research 89
• 2. Discussion and Conclusions 90
• 1) Development of CA Model-based Product Design Course 91
• 2) Effectiveness of CA Model-based Product Design Courses 92
• 3. Limitations and Recommendations 94
• References 95
• Appendix 1. Questionnaire 116
• Appendix 2. 1-8 Week Lesson Plan 121
• 국문초록 137