Research on the Application of Diversified Interactive Teaching Method (DITM) for Dulcimer Course in Chinese Universities

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to apply Diversified Interactive Teaching Method （DITM） to a dulcimer course to enhance students' performance skills and course experience, and to evaluate its effectiveness. The research first developed a framework of DITM-based　 course based on previous literature and expert recommendations. To validate the effectiveness of this framework, it was applied to a 10-week dulcimer performance course at the S Music Conservatory in China, involving 50 undergraduate dulcimer majors. The 50 participants were divided into an experimental group (25 students) and a control group (25 students). The experimental group received the DITM-based instruction, while the control group followed the traditional teaching approach. Pre- and post-course dulcimer performance test and course experience assessments were conducted for all students. The collected data were then analyzed to evaluate the course's impact. The study results are as follows. First, the study developed a dulcimer performance course framework based on the DITM, dividing the 10-week instructional period into two cyclical stages with specific learning objectives. Each stage consisted of three components: course introduction, DITM implementation and course wrap-up. The DITM implementation was the most crucial step, involving four interrelated teaching steps ① knowledge ② Teaching ③ Learning ④ cognition　 with dynamic instructional approaches to maximize student autonomy and collaborative learning. Second, the empirical results showed that the experimental group showed significant improvement in both playing technical ability and sense of lesson experience compared to the control group. This suggests that the DITM based program was effective in improving students' professional playing ability and the sense of lesson experience. Based on the results, this research not only provides empirical evidence for the feasibility and necessity of implementing the DITM-based dulcimer teaching method in China, but also offers important insights for the reform and development of diversified instructional models in Chinese national instrumental music education. Key words: Dulcimer education, Diversified interactive teaching method (DITM), Deep learning, Course experience

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract ⅲ
• Ⅰ. Introduction 1
• 1. Research Necessity 1
• 2. Research Purpose5
• 3. Research Questions 6
• 4. Definition of Terms 6
• 1) Diversified Interactive Teaching Method 6
• 2) Deep Learning 8
• II. Theoretical Background 9
• 1. The Understanding of the Dulcimer 9
• 1) Origin and Types of Dulcimer 9
• 2) Development of Chinese Dulcimer 12
• 2. Current Situation of University Dulcimer Education16
• 1) Dulcimer Education in China16
• 2) Dulcimer Education in Foreign Countries 24
• 3) Issues of University Dulcimer Education 28
• 3. DITM based on Deep Learning 34
• 1) Concept of DITM 34
• 2) Theoretical Basis of DITM: Deep Learning 38
• 3) Characteristics of DITM based on Deep Learning 45
• 4) Components of DITM based on Deep Learning 49
• 5) Steps of DITM based on Deep Learning 54
• 4. A Case on Application of DITM60
• 5. Structure of DITM for Dulcimer Course67
• III. Research Methods75
• 1. Experimental Design 75
• 2. Research Participants76
• 3. Research Procedure77
• 1) Literature Review 78
• 2) Development of Draft Framework 79
• 3) Check for Content Validity by Expert80
• 4) Framework Improvement 81
• 5) Pre-test82
• 6) Application of the DITM-based Course 82
• 7) Post-test 84
• 4. Research Tools 85
• 1) Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ)85
• 2) Professional Test87
• 3) Interviews with Experts 89
• 5. Data Analysis 90
• IV. Research Results 92
• 1. Development of DITM-based Dulcimer Course92
• 1) Structure of the DITM-based Dulcimer Course 92
• 2) Expert Verification 98
• 3) Implementation Plan of DITM-based Dulcimer Course99
• 2. Effects of Developed Course 107
• 1) Difference Analysis of Course Experiences 107
• 2) Difference Analysis of Professional Text110
• V. Discussion and Conclusion115
• 1. Summary of Research 115
• 2. Discussion and Conclusion117
• 1) Development of DITM-based Dulcimer Course117
• 2) Effects of Developed DITM-based Dulcimer Course 119
• 3. Limitations and Suggestions121
• References123
• Appendix134
• viii