기독대학생의 계획된 우연기술이 진로적응성 관계에서 진로준비행동과 자아탄력성의 순차적 매개효과 = The Sequential Mediating Effects of Career Preparation Behavior and Ego-Resilience in the Relationship Between Career Adaptability and Planned Happenstance Skills of Christian College Students.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 기독대학생을 대상으로 계획된 우연기술이 진로적응성 관 계에서 진로준비행동과 자아탄력성의 순차적 매개효과를 분석하는 데 있다. 이 러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 다음과 같은 연구 가설을 설정하였다.
첫째, 기독대학생의 계획된 우연기술이 진로준비행동, 자아탄력성, 진로적응 성에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 둘째, 기독대학생의 진로준비행동이 자아탄력성과 진 로적응성에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 셋째, 기독대학생의 자아탄력성이 진로적응성 에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 넷째, 기독대학생의 계획된 우연기술과 진로적응성 관 계에서 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향을 부분적으로 매개할 것이다. 다섯째, 기독 대학생의 계획된 우연기술과 진로적응성 관계에서 자아탄력성이 미치는 영향을 부분적으로 매개할 것이다. 마지막으로, 기독대학생의 계획된 우연기술과 진로 적응성 관계에서 진로준비행동과 자아탄력성이 미치는 영향을 순차적으로 매개 할 것이다.
본 연구의 자료 수집은 2024년 12월 19일부터 2025년 1월 20일까지 전국의 기독대학 및 일반대학으로 서울 및 경기 지역의 교회에 다니는 남녀대학생을 대상으로 온라인 설문지를 활용한 무작위 표집 방식을 적용하였다.
본 연구의 설문지가 실시된 지역은 서울 및 경기 지역의 교회 4개와 기독대 학 및 일반대학 8개, 전라도·강원도·충청도·경상도 지역의 교회 4개와 기독대학 및 일반대학 4개의 학교에서 조사 및 분석되었다. 총 458명을 표집 하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 27.0 통계 패키지 프로그램과 SPSS Process Macro를 사용하여 빈도분석, 타당도 분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계, 단 순 회귀분석 및 다변량 회귀분석을 하였고, AMOS 26.0을 이용하여 확인적 요 인분석, 구조방정식 모형 분석을 실시하였다.
이를 통하여 분석된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 계획된 우연기술이 진로 준비행동, 자아탄력성, 진로적응성과 서로 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로준비행동이 자아탄력성(β=.139, p<.001)과 진로적응성(β=.381, p<.001)에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기독대학생의 자아탄력 성이 진로적응성(β=.928, p<.001)에 매우 높게 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타 났다. 넷째, 계획된 우연기술이 진로준비행동의 부분적인 매개를 통해 진로적응 성(β=.729, p<.001)에 높은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 계획된 우 연기술이 자아탄력성의 부분적인 매개를 통해 진로적응성(β=.936, p<.001)에 매 우 강한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 계획된 우연기술은 진로준비행동과 자아탄력성의 부분적인 순차적 매개를 통해 진로적응성(β2=1.0162, p<.001, R =.95, LLCI-ULCI[.8377~1.2029])에 매우 높게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통하여 다음과 같이 결론을 확인할 수 있 다. 첫째, 진로적응성에 영향을 미치는 주요 예측 변인으로 계획된 우연기술의 효과성을 확인하였으며, 진로준비행동과 자아탄력성은 이 관계를 설명하는 매개 요인임을 확인했다. 개인의 자원과 적극적인 행동 변인의 역할의 중요도를 확인 했으며 대학생들의 진로 만족을 위해서는 다양하게 진로 행동을 높이기 위한 개입이 필요하다. 둘째, 기독대학생이 계획된 우연기술인 낙관성, 유연성, 호기 심, 인내심, 위험 감수의 우연기술을 활용함으로써 기독대학생이 직업선택과 결정에서 예기치 않은 우연적 사건에 대해 불확실한 상황을 이겨내면서 새롭고 적응적인 대처를 개발할 수 있도록 도와주는 새로운 상담적 접근이다. 셋째, 성 경적 관점에서 우연은 섭리를 일컫는 다른 이름으로 하나님의 뜻 안에서 개인 의 계획과 하나님의 비전이 만나는 계기를 제공한다. 따라서 기독대학생은 우연 한 사건에 대한 하나님의 섭리를 인식하고 향후 진로 및 직업을 대비하는 태도 가 필요하다. 넷째, 일반진로상담이론인 계획된 우연이론, 진로적응성, 진로준비 행동, 자아탄력성의 이론을 성경적 관점에서 고찰함으로써 향후 통합적 관점에 서 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 기초적인 선행연구 자료를 제공하였다는 점과 불확실한 진로환경에서 진로적응에 어려움을 겪는 기독대학생들에게 우연을 자 원으로 활용하는 기독교 진로상담을 통해 진로적응성을 증진시킬 수 있음을 시 사한다는 점에 의의가 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 표목차 ·················································································································· ⅴ
• 그림목차 ·············································································································· ⅵ
• 국문초록 ·············································································································· ⅶ
• Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································································· 1
• A. 연구의 필요성 ········································································································ 1
• B. 연구의 목적 ············································································································· 6
• C. 연구의 가설 ············································································································ 7
• D. 연구의 범위 및 제한점 ························································································· 8
• E. 용어의 정의 ············································································································ 9
• 1. 기독대학생 ············································································································· 9
• 2. 계획된 우연기술 ··································································································· 9
• 3. 진로적응성 ··········································································································· 10
• 4. 진로준비행동 ······································································································· 11
• 5. 자아탄력성 ··········································································································· 11
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경과 선행연구 고찰 ·································································· 12
• A. 계획된 우연기술 ···································································································· 12
• 1. 계획된 우연기술의 개념 ··················································································· 12
• 2. 계획된 우연기술의 구성요인 ··········································································· 13
• - i -3. 계획된 우연기술의 성경적 이해 ······································································ 14
• 4. 계획된 우연기술에 대한 선행연구 ·································································· 19
• B. 진로적응성 ················································································································ 20
• 1. 진로적응성의 개념 ····························································································· 20
• 2. 진로적응성의 구성요인 ····················································································· 22
• 3. 진로적응성의 성경적 이해 ··············································································· 24
• 4. 진로적응성에 대한 선행연구 ··········································································· 26
• C. 진로준비행동 ············································································································ 28
• 1. 진로준비행동의 개념 ························································································· 28
• 2. 진로준비행동의 구성요인 ················································································· 29
• 3. 진로준비행동의 성경적 이해 ··········································································· 31
• 4. 진로준비행동에 대한 선행연구 ······································································· 33
• D. 자아탄력성 ················································································································ 34
• 1. 자아탄력성의 개념 ····························································································· 34
• 2. 자아탄력성의 구성요인 ····················································································· 35
• 3. 자아탄력성의 성경적 이해 ··············································································· 37
• 4. 자아탄력성에 대한 선행연구 ··········································································· 39
• E. 연구 모형 ·················································································································· 41
• Ⅲ. 연구의 방법 및 절차 ················································································· 42
• A. 연구의 방법 ·········································································································· 42
• B. 연구의 대상 및 표집 ··························································································· 42
• C. 측정도구의 구성 및 신뢰도 검증 ····································································· 43
• 1. 계획된 우연기술 측정도구 ·············································································· 43
• - ii -2. 진로적응성 측정도구 ······················································································· 44
• 3. 진로준비행동 측정도구 ··················································································· 45
• 4. 자아탄력성 측정도구 ······················································································· 46
• D. 자료 수집 및 절차 ······························································································ 47
• E. 자료 분석 방법 ····································································································· 48
• Ⅳ. 연구의 결과 분석 및 해석 ······································································· 49
• A. 조사대상자의 인구통계학적 특성 ····································································· 49
• B. 관측 변인의 정규성 검정 ··················································································· 51
• C. 관측 변인 간 상관관계 분석 ············································································· 53
• D. 측정 모형 분석 ···································································································· 57
• 1. 측정 모형의 적합도 검정 ··············································································· 57
• 2. 측정 모형의 타당도 검정 ··············································································· 59
• E. 가설 검정 ·············································································································· 64
• Ⅴ. 논의 ············································································································ 80
• A. 기독대학생의 계획된 우연기술이 진로준비행동, 자아탄력성, 진로적응성에 미치는 영향력 ······································································································ 80
• B. 기독대학생의 진로준비행동이 자아탄력성과 진로적응성에 미치는 영향력 ································································································································· 82
• C. 기독대학생의 자아탄력성이 진로적응성에 미치는 영향력 ·························· 84
• D. 기독대학생의 계획된 우연기술과 진로적응성 관계에서 진로준비행동의 매 개효과 ···················································································································· 85
• - iii -E. 기독대학생의 계획된 우연기술과 진로적응성 관계에서 자아탄력성의 매개효
• 과 ···························································································································· 86
• F. 기독대학생의 계획된 우연기술과 진로적응성 관계에서 진로준비행동과 자아 탄력성의 순차적 매개효과 ················································································· 88
• Ⅵ. 요약 및 결론 ····························································································· 89
• A. 요약 ························································································································ 89
• B. 연구의 시사점 ······································································································· 90
• C. 연구의 의의 ·········································································································· 91
• D. 제언 ························································································································ 92
• 참고문헌 ·············································································································· 94
• 부 록 ··········································································································· 108
• ABSTRACT ···································································································· 119